{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:45:17Z","timestamp":1773740717688,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marrubium vulgare L., known as horehound, is a widespread and widely known plant that is used in beer breweries and also as a traditional remedy in Tunisia. In this study, methanolic extracts of plants harvested from five different locations were investigated for their antioxidant activities using three assays (ferric reducing power, radical scavenging activity, and \u03b2-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay) as well as the total phenolic content. The mineral composition of the plant was also investigated concerning the following elements: Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, K, and three heavy metals, Ni, Pb, and Cd. Marrubiin, the major bioactive diterpenoid lactone, was quantified by NMR in the samples. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their radical scavenging activity was investigated. The toxicity of essential oils was evaluated against Artemia salina (the brine shrimp larva). The essential oil showed a weak radical scavenging activity and low toxicity. Data obtained from the five different locations showed that the antioxidant activity, as well as the total phenolic and marrubiin content, were strongly affected by the harvest sites. The metal content in the samples showed differences with the harvest location, but there was always a great abundance of calcium, magnesium, and potassium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T02:43:09Z","timestamp":1637289789000},"page":"2864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of Marrubium vulgare Growing Wild in Tunisia for Its Potential as a Dietary Supplement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marwa","family":"Rezgui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Mabrouk","family":"Basma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9879-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Neng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Bettaieb Ben-Kaab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduarda","family":"Machado Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.08.026","article-title":"Antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of compounds isolated from Marrubium deserti de No\u00e9","volume":"49","author":"Zaabat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"565","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of Marrubium vulgare against paracetamol induced toxicity","volume":"7","author":"Akther","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01321.x","article-title":"Gastroprotective activity of methanol extract and marrubiin obtained from leaves of Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)","volume":"63","author":"Santin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. 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