{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T18:37:18Z","timestamp":1767033438131,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020","UIDB\/50011\/2020 & UIDP\/50011\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020","UIDB\/50011\/2020 & UIDP\/50011\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Compete 2020","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-017680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-017680"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020","award":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While Aurantiochytrium sp. is an increasingly popular source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), its extraction generates high amounts of waste, including the spent, defatted residue. The composition and bioactivities of this by-product could prove to be a major part of the sustainable valorisation of this organism within the framework of a circular economy. In this study, the defatted biomass of commercial Aurantiochytrium sp. was nutritionally characterised, and its amino acid profile was detailed. Additionally, the antioxidant and prebiotic potentials of an enzymatically digested sample of defatted Aurantiochytrium sp. were evaluated under a set of miniaturised in vitro assays. The nutritional profile of the spent Aurantiochytrium biomass revealed a protein and dietary-fibre rich product, with values reaching 26.7% and 31.0% for each, respectively. It also held high concentrations of glutamic and aspartic acid, as well as a favourable lysine\/arginine ratio of 3.73. The digested samples demonstrated significant Weissela cibaria and Bifidobacterium bifidum growth-enhancing potential. Residual ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity was likely attributed to antioxidant amino acids or peptides. The study demonstrated that some of the nutritional and functional potential that reside in the defatted Aurantiochytrium sp. waste encourages additional studies and the development of food supplements employing this resource\u2019s by-products under a biorefinery framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10123058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:46:58Z","timestamp":1639086418000},"page":"3058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating the Potential of the Defatted By-Product of Aurantiochytrium sp. Industrial Cultivation as a Functional Food"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3261-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Reboleira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcelo M. R.","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9310-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Narcisa M.","family":"Bandarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1953-5120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4272-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depsiextracta Tecnologias e Biol\u00f3gicas, Lda., Zona Industrial do Monte da Barca Rua H, Lote 62, 2100-057 Coruche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depsiextracta Tecnologias e Biol\u00f3gicas, Lda., Zona Industrial do Monte da Barca Rua H, Lote 62, 2100-057 Coruche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco F. L.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Thraustochytrid Cell Factories for Producing Lipid Compounds","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139691","article-title":"Mining of squalene as a value-added byproduct from DHA producing marine thraustochytrid cultivated on food waste hydrolysate","volume":"736","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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