{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:41:24Z","timestamp":1776944484721,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o- Geral de Pol\u00edtica do Mar","award":["FA_05_2017_013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA_05_2017_013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crithmum maritimum L., or sea fennel, is an edible halophyte plant, rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, that naturally grows in Mediterranean coasts. This study aims to incorporate bioactive compounds extracted from lyophilized Crithmum maritimum to sunflower oil assisted by ultrasounds (UAE), to improve its biological value and oxidative stability. UAE conditions were optimized as a function of time (5\u201320 min) and lyophilized plant concentration (5\u201320% m\/v). The experiments were dictated by a central composite rotatable matrix. Oxidation products were not influenced by UAE conditions. Acidity, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were affected by both factors, while total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (FRAP method) only increased with plant concentration. Response surfaces were fitted to these experimental results. Flavonoids were highly related with oil antioxidant activity. No sensory defects were detected in supplemented oil (12.5% m\/v plant\/5 min UAE). The oxidative stability of this oil was evaluated at 60 \u00b0C\/12 days. Chlorophylls, phenols, radical scavenging (DPPH), and antioxidant activities decreased over time but were always higher than the values in non-supplemented oil (8.6 and 7-fold with FRAP and DPPH, respectively). C. maritimum presented high amounts of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, adequate for sunflower oil supplementation by UAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T05:42:33Z","timestamp":1643866953000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Enrichment of Sunflower Oil with Ultrasound-Assisted Extracted Bioactive Compounds from Crithmum maritimum L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana I.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1553-4745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Tecel\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzana","family":"Ferreira-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.637","article-title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora) Essential Oil and Its Capacity in Sunflower Oil Stabilization during Storage Time","volume":"6","author":"Farahmandfar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Sci. 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