{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:32:51Z","timestamp":1773181971501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroprotection is a need that remains unmet in treating chronic neurodegenerative disorders, despite decades of extensive research. To find new neuroprotective compounds, extracts of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell were obtained through subcritical water extraction applying a four-step temperature gradient. The fractions obtained were screened against brain enzymes involved in neurodegenerative etiology, namely in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases, and against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, all contributing factors to the progression of neurodegeneration. Results showed no significant enzyme inhibition but strong radical scavenging activities, particularly in the fourth fraction, extracted at the highest temperature (250 \u00b0C), highlighting their ability to retard oxidative and nitrosative stresses. At higher temperatures, fractions were composed of phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products, a combination that contributed to their antioxidant activity and, consequently, their neuroprotective properties. All fractions were evaluated for the presence of iodine, 14 organochlorine and 7 organophosphorus pesticides, and pharmaceuticals used in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases (14), psychiatric drugs (8), and metabolites (8). The fractions studied did not present any of the screened contaminants, and only fraction 1 of E. bicyclis should be used with caution due to iodine content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11050746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1646299493000},"page":"746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of the Biological Potential of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell Subcritical Water Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-8496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas e das Biomol\u00e9culas\/CISA, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9593-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Pa\u00edga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3979-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virg\u00ednia Cruz","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8687-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas e das Biomol\u00e9culas\/CISA, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0924-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Guiry, M.D.R. 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