{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:52:53Z","timestamp":1774641173001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALiCE","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ALiCE","award":["FCT\/MCTES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/MCTES"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"LEPABE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"LEPABE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"LEPABE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"LEPABE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT\/MCTES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/MCTES"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PIDDAC","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PIDDAC","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PIDDAC","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PIDDAC","award":["FCT\/MCTES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/MCTES"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI)","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI)","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI)","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through COMPETE2020\u2014Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI)","award":["FCT\/MCTES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/MCTES"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin and one of the most abundant polyphenols in green tea, and it is under research for its potential benefit to human health and for its potential to be used in disease treatments, such as for cancer. However, the effectiveness of polyphenols depends on preserving their bioactivity, stability, and bioavailability. The EGCG was microencapsulated by a spray-drying process, using different biopolymers as encapsulating agents (gum arabic, modified chitosan and sodium alginate), in order to overcome some of the limitations of this compound. The microparticles showed a diameter around 4.22 to 41.55 \u00b5m (distribution in volume) and different morphologies and surfaces, depending on the encapsulating agent used. The EGCG release was total, and it was achieved in less than 21 min for all the formulations tested. The EGCG encapsulation efficiency ranged between 78.5 and 100.0%. The release profiles were simulated and evaluated using three kinetic models: Korsmeyer\u2013Peppas (R2: 0.739\u20130.990), Weibull (R2: 0.963\u20130.994) and Baker\u2013Lonsdale (R2: 0.746\u20130.993). The Weibull model was the model that better adjusted to the experimental EGCG release values. This study proves the success of the EGCG microencapsulation, using the spray-drying technique, opening the possibility to insert dried EGCG microparticles in different food and nutraceutical products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11131990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T10:21:33Z","timestamp":1657016493000},"page":"1990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Food-Grade Microencapsulation Systems to Improve Protection of the Epigallocatechin Gallate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mathis","family":"Ralaivao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ENSCM\u2014Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l\u2019Ecole Normale, CEDEX 5, 34296 Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ENSCM\u2014Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l\u2019Ecole Normale, CEDEX 5, 34296 Montpellier, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1564-6010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berta N.","family":"Estevinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2020.05.016","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based delivery systems for curcumin and turmeric powder encapsulation using a spray-drying process","volume":"370","author":"Chaumun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2020.04.011","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of microparticles with Laurus nobilis L. extract prepared by spray-drying for application in food and pharmaceutical products","volume":"122","author":"Chaumun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. 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