{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:51:05Z","timestamp":1767829865413,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES through national funds","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES through national funds","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, a qualitative study of the phenolic content of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO), extracted with deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) with lactic acid (LA) or glycerol (GLY), was performed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). The two solvents (DES-LA and DES-GLY) extract similar classes of phenolics, and ten compounds were identified. The antioxidant profile was also studied (TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS). Both solvents show an efficient extraction of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity was verified for the extracts. However, the DES-Gly have a higher capacity for polyphenolic extraction (TPC led to 38.409 \u00b1 0.095 mg GAE.g\u22121 and 2.259 \u00b1 0.023 mg QE.g\u22121 for TFC). Films based on methylcellulose (MC) containing different amounts of DES or MO extracts, acting as plasticizers, were developed and characterized regarding their mechanical, optical, water vapor permeability, and microstructural properties. All films are uniform, clear, and transparent with smooth, homogeneous surfaces. It was found that the presence of more than 10% of MO extract and\/or DES provided more flexible films (Eb for MC 2%_DES 20% achieved 4.330 \u00b1 0.27 %, and 8.15 \u00b1 0.39 % for MC 2%_MO 20%) with less mechanical and barrier resistance. The ultimate objective of this study was to provide information that could assist in the development of antimicrobial active methylcellulose films for sliced wheat bread packaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11172641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T23:53:21Z","timestamp":1661990001000},"page":"2641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Phenolic Extraction of Moringa oleifera Leaves in DES: Characterization of the Extracts and Their Application in Methylcellulose Films for Food Packaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fazia","family":"Braham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Alimentaires, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Route Targa Ouzemour, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7158-2699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa M. P. F.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Biernacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Guido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8436-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia M. C. S.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Alimentaires, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Route Targa Ouzemour, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Hil\u00e9ia K. S.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPC\u2014Institute for Polymers and Composites\/I3N, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria P.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of moringa oleifera","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.18801\/jbar.110116.112","article-title":"Antifungal and antiradical potential of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod (Moringaceae)","volume":"11","author":"Kekuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"963","article-title":"Evaluation of antifungal activity of Moringa oleifera extracts as natural fungicide against some plant pathogenic fungi In-vitro","volume":"10","author":"Abdalla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.01.009","article-title":"Differential extraction of phytochemicals from the multipurpose tree, Moringa oleifera, using green extraction solvents","volume":"115","author":"Djande","year":"2018","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-017-2887-1","article-title":"Enhanced extraction of antioxidant polyphenols from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves using a biomolecule-based low-transition temperature mixture","volume":"243","author":"Karageorgou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101687","article-title":"Optimization, identification and bioactivity of flavonoids extracted from Moringa oleifera leaves by deep eutectic solvent","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-016-2367-9","article-title":"Application of a puffer fish skin gelatin film containing Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract to the packaging of Gouda cheese","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"99","article-title":"Screening of the physical and structural properties of chitosan-polycaprolactone films added with Moringa Oleifera leaf extract","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. De Ing. Quim."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2016.12.001","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of moringa leaf extract, chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose as edible coatings for enhancing quality and extending postharvest life of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit","volume":"11","author":"Tesfay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.116","article-title":"Development and evaluation of Moringa extract incorporated Chitosan\/Guar gum\/Poly (vinyl alcohol) active films for food packaging applications","volume":"200","author":"Bhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mezhoudi, M., Salem, A., Abdelhedi, O., Fakhfakh, N., Debeaufort, F., Jridi, M., and Zouari, N. (2022). Edible films from triggerfish gelatin and Moringa oleifera extract: Physical properties and application in wrapping ricotta cheese. J. Food Meas. Charact.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-022-01472-5"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Labuza, T.P. (1982). Shelf-Life Dating of Foods, Food & Nutrition Press, Inc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1466-8564(02)00012-7","article-title":"Review of antimicrobial food packaging","volume":"3","author":"Appendinia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melini, V., and Melini, F. (2018). Strategies to Extend Bread and GF Bread Shelf-Life: From Sourdough to Antimicrobial Active Packaging and Nanotechnology. Fermentation, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation4010009"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2013.768198","article-title":"Antimicrobial Packaging for Extending the Shelf Life of Bread-A Review","volume":"56","author":"Jideani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobab.2020.10.003","article-title":"Development and characterization of food packaging bioplastic film from cocoa pod husk cellulose incorporated with sugarcane bagasse fibre","volume":"5","author":"Azmin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bioresour. Bioprod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobab.2021.02.009","article-title":"Packaging and degradability properties of polyvinyl alcohol\/gelatin nanocomposite films filled water hyacinth cellulose nanocrystals","volume":"6","author":"Oyeoka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bioresour. Bioprod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Duan, G., Zhang, G., Yang, H., He, S., and Jiang, S. (2020). Electrospun Functional Materials toward Food Packaging Applications: A Review. Nanomaterials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10010150"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cellulose based packaging films containing natural antimicrobial agents","volume":"5","author":"Turhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hyg. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4549.1989.tb00116.x","article-title":"Potassium Sorbate Permeability of Methylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Multi-Layer Films","volume":"13","author":"Vojdani","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4530.1990.tb00039.x","article-title":"Potassium sorbate permeability of polysaccharide films: Chitosan, methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose","volume":"12","author":"Vojdani","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1990.tb05244.x","article-title":"Potassium Sorbate Permeability of Methylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Coatings\u2014Effect of Fatty-Acids","volume":"55","author":"Vojdani","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5214","DOI":"10.1021\/jf501055f","article-title":"Edible Films from Methylcellulose and Nanoemulsions of Clove Bud (Syzygium aromaticum) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oils as Shelf Life Extenders for Sliced Bread","volume":"62","author":"Otoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2017.01.010","article-title":"Novel active packaging based on carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan -ZnO NPs nanocomposite for increasing the shelf life of bread","volume":"11","author":"Noshirvani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.04.001","article-title":"Online HPLC-DPPH screening method for evaluation of radical scavenging phenols extracted from Moringa oleifera leaves","volume":"129","author":"Braham","year":"2020","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105175","article-title":"A new approach to develop biodegradable films based on thermoplastic pectin","volume":"97","author":"Gouveia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloid."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8225","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1011193","article-title":"Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Hulls","volume":"58","author":"Oomah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.02.025","article-title":"Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities","volume":"89","author":"Skerget","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.04.028","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of some algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds","volume":"97","author":"Djeridane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-2011-020","article-title":"Characterisation of bioactive compounds in berry juices by traditional photometric and modern microplate methods","volume":"1","author":"Horszwald","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Berry Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0201529","article-title":"High-throughput assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) using a multichannel liquid handling system coupled with a microplate flourescence reader in 96-well format","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3023","article-title":"Infusions of Portuguese medicinal plants: Dependence of final antioxidant capacity and phenol content on extraction features","volume":"87","author":"Giao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2000). Standard Test Methods for Water Vapour Transmission of Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards (Standard No. ASTME96\u201300)."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cauvain, S.P., and Young, L.S. (2010). Chemical and Physical Deterioration of Bakery Products. Chemical Deterioration and Physical Instability of Food and Beverages, Woodhead. Technology and Nutrition.","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845699260.3.381"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b01054","article-title":"Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Phenolic Compounds Extraction: Overview, Challenges, and Opportunities","volume":"65","author":"Durand","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivanovic, M., Grujic, D., Cerar, J., Razborsek, M.I., Topalic-Trivunovic, L., Savic, A., Kocar, D., and Kolar, M. (2022). Extraction of Bioactive Metabolites from Achillea millefolium L. with Choline Chloride Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Study of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040724"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2021.08.004","article-title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation of Manuka leaves (Leptospermum scoparium) extracted by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent","volume":"174","author":"Alsaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.05.081","article-title":"LC-MSn analysis of the cis isomers of chlorogenic acids","volume":"106","author":"Clifford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050046h","article-title":"Discriminating between the six isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acid by LC-MSn","volume":"53","author":"Clifford","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.05.041","article-title":"Analysis of a series of chlorogenic acid isomers using differential ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"933","author":"Willems","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"113","article-title":"The investigation of bioactive secondary metabolites of the methanol extract of eryngium amethystinum","volume":"40","author":"Kacaniova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kragujev. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2015.02.008","article-title":"HPLC-DAD-MS\/MS profiling of phenolics from Securigera securidaca flowers and its anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities","volume":"25","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farm."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.20450\/mjcce.2010.165","article-title":"HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn identification of phenolic compounds in cultivated strawberries from Macedonia","volume":"29","author":"Kajdzanoska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0211480","article-title":"Profiling glucosinolates and phenolics in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the multi-purpose trees Moringa oleifera L. (horseradish tree) and Moringa stenopetala L.","volume":"51","author":"Bennett","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-017-0953-1","article-title":"Influence of Plasticizers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Methyl Cellulose-Based Edible Films","volume":"26","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-20612011000300029","article-title":"Mechanical and water vapor permeability properties of biodegradables films based on methylcellulose, glucomannan, pectin and gelatin","volume":"31","author":"Chambi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cienc. Tecnol. Alime"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4549.1993.tb00729.x","article-title":"The Effects of Plasticizers on Crystallinity, Permeability, and Mechanical-Properties of Methylcellulose Films","volume":"17","author":"Donhowe","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0260-8774(03)00155-9","article-title":"Water vapor permeability, tensile properties and solubility of methylcellulose-based edible films","volume":"61","author":"Turhan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2012.05.026","article-title":"Physical and antioxidant properties of chitosan and methylcellulose based films containing resveratrol","volume":"30","author":"Pastor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloid."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.07.078","article-title":"Deep eutectic solvents for polysaccharides processing. A review","volume":"200","author":"Zdanowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.05.061","article-title":"Mechanical and barrier properties of starch-based films plasticized with two- or three component deep eutectic solvents","volume":"151","author":"Zdanowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16747","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b04228","article-title":"Fully Biosourced Materials from Combination of Choline Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Guar Gum","volume":"7","author":"Depoorter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acs Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1039\/C5GC02231B","article-title":"Thermo-compression molding of chitosan with a deep eutectic mixture for biofilms development","volume":"18","author":"Sousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.03.025","article-title":"The role of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent and curcumin on chitosan films properties","volume":"81","author":"Almeida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloid."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-018-00546-9","article-title":"Development of an antioxidative packaging film based on khorasan wheat starch containing moringa leaf extract","volume":"28","author":"Ju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2020.100515","article-title":"Poly(lactic acid)\/poly(butylene-succinate-co-adipate) (PLA\/PBSA) blend films containing thymol as alternative to synthetic preservatives for active packaging of bread","volume":"25","author":"Suwanamornlert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/pts.2369","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of polypropylene\/sodium propionate (PP\/SP) composite films for bread packaging application","volume":"31","author":"Thanakkasaranee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Packag. Technol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM.2000.77.4.484","article-title":"Moisture redistribution and phase transitions during bread staling","volume":"77","author":"Baik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereal Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"480","article-title":"Active packaging influence on shelf life extension of sliced wheat bread","volume":"6","author":"Dukalska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nutr. Food Eng."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/11\/17\/2641\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:20:54Z","timestamp":1760142054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/11\/17\/2641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["foods11172641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11172641","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]}}}