{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:03:52Z","timestamp":1762067032221,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)\/MCTES","award":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"]}]},{"name":"QOPNA","award":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"]}]},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE","award":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"]}]},{"name":"CQC","award":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"]}]},{"name":"national funds (OE)","award":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019","UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00313\/2020","UIDP\/00313\/2020","PTDC\/QUI-OUT\/29373\/2017","POCI 01-0145-FEDER-031032","SFRH\/BD\/138873\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Absorption at the intestinal epithelium is a major determinant of cholesterol levels in the organism, influencing the entry of dietary cholesterol and the excretion of endogenous cholesterol. Several strategies are currently being followed to reduce cholesterol absorption, using both pharmacological agents or food ingredients with hypocholesterolemic properties. Coffee has recently been shown to affect cholesterol bioaccessibility, although it has not been shown if this translates into a decrease on cholesterol bioavailability. In this work, coffee obtained with different commercial roasting (light and dark) and grinding (finer and coarser) was evaluated regarding their effect on cholesterol absorption through Caco-2 monolayers, mimicking the intestinal epithelium. The fluorescent dehydroergosterol was used as a sterol model, which was shown to permeate Caco-2 monolayers with a low-to-moderate permeability coefficient depending on its concentration. In the presence of coffee extracts, a 50% decrease of the sterol permeability coefficient was observed, showing their potential to affect sterol bioavailability. This was attributed to an increased sterol precipitation and its deposition on the apical epithelial surface. A higher hypocholesterolemic effect was observed for the dark roasting and finer grinding, showing that the modulation of these technological processing parameters may produce coffees with optimized hypocholesterolemic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11192935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T21:12:53Z","timestamp":1663708373000},"page":"2935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Coffee on the Bioavailability of Sterols"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9098-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana L.","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas M. V.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8898-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3076-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Coreta-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020). 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