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Here, we compare the elemental fingerprints of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) muscle from wild and different aquaculture productions (semi-intensive earth ponds and intensive sea cages from two locations) to confirm their origin and evaluate the concentrations of elements with regulatory thresholds (Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn). Using a chemometric approach based on multi-elemental signatures, the sample origin was determined with an overall accuracy of 90%. Furthermore, in a model built to replicate a real-case scenario where it would be necessary to trace the production method of S. aurata without reliable information about its harvesting location, 27 of the 30 samples were correctly allocated to their original production method (sea-cage aquaculture), despite being from another location. The concentrations of the regulated elements ranged as follows: Cu (0.140\u20131.139 mg\/Kg), Hg (0\u20130.506 mg\/Kg), Pb (0\u20132.703 mg\/Kg) and Zn (6.502\u201318.807 mg\/Kg), with only Pb presenting concentrations consistently above the recommended limit for human consumption. The present findings contribute to establishing elemental fingerprinting as a reliable tool to trace fish production methods and underpin seafood authentication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11193081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T04:04:56Z","timestamp":1665201896000},"page":"3081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Elemental Fingerprinting of Wild and Farmed Fish Muscle to Authenticate and Validate Production Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Mamede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Irina A.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Ca\u00e7ador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9843-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Reis-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}]},{"given":"Rita P.","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Gameiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Canada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, ARDITI, Madeira Tecnopolo, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"R\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laborat\u00f3rio Mar\u00edtimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne E.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa F.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2022). 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