{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:31:16Z","timestamp":1762079476559,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01120\/2017","DL 57\/2016 -Norma transit\u00f3ria","UIDB\/50006\/2020","AgriFood XXI I&D&I (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01120\/2017","DL 57\/2016 -Norma transit\u00f3ria","UIDB\/50006\/2020","AgriFood XXI I&D&I (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE 2020 (Programa Operacional Regional do Norte 2014\/2020)","SYSTEMIC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE 2020 (Programa Operacional Regional do Norte 2014\/2020)","SYSTEMIC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tunisian Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology,the University of Carthage, the National Institute of Applied Science and Technology and the National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests.","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pine seeds are known for their richness in lipid compounds and other healthy substances. However, the reference procedures that are commonly applied for their analysis are quite laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, it is important to develop rapid, accurate, multi-parametric, cost-effective and, essentially, environmentally friendly analytical techniques that are easily implemented at an industrial scale. The viability of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyse the seed lipid content and profile of three different pine species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus brutia and Pinus pinaster) was investigated. Moreover, species discrimination using NIR was also attempted. Different chemometric models, namely partial least squares (PLS) regression, for lipid analysis, and partial least square\u2014discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), for pine species discrimination, were applied. In relation to the discrimination of pine seed species, a total of 90.5% of correct classification rates were obtained. Regarding the quantification models, most of the compounds assessed yielded determination coefficients (R2P) higher than 0.80. The best PLS models were obtained for total fat, vitamin E, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, C20:2, C20:1n9, C20, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9c, C18 and C16:1. Globally, the obtained results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy is a suitable analytical technique for lipid analysis and species discrimination of pine seeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11233939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T03:27:57Z","timestamp":1670383677000},"page":"3939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lipid Profile Quantification and Species Discrimination of Pine Seeds through NIR Spectroscopy: A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mariem","family":"Khouja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorization of Medicinal Phytoresources, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, B.P. 676, Tunis Cedex 1080, Tunisia"},{"name":"National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, B.P. 10, Ariana, Tunis 2080, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2073-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo N. M. J.","family":"P\u00e1scoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0774-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela S. G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9383-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Ant\u00f3nia","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Abdelhamid","family":"Khaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, B.P. 10, Ariana, Tunis 2080, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Chokri","family":"Messaoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorization of Medicinal Phytoresources, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, B.P. 676, Tunis Cedex 1080, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Beatriz P. P.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5053-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita C.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.04.138","article-title":"Some physicochemical characteristics of pinus (Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus pinea L., Pinus pinaster and Pinus canariensis) seeds from North Algeria, their lipid profiles and volatile contents","volume":"188","author":"Kadri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201700323","article-title":"Is the Profile of Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, and Amino Acids Suitable to Differentiate Pinus armandii Suspicious to Be Responsible for the Pine Nut Syndrome from Other Pinus Species?","volume":"15","author":"Matthaus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. 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