{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T17:53:26Z","timestamp":1774634006001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/QUI\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/QUI\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The poultry industry, in order to prevent and control coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp., widely uses coccidiostats as feed additives. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of nine coccidiostats in 62 egg samples by UHPLC-MS\/MS. Overall, detection frequency and average concentration were 90.3% (56\/62) and 106.3 \u03bcg kg\u22121, respectively. Only diclazuril and nicarbazin were detected. Diclazuril, only found in home-raised eggs, showed an overall detection frequency of 8.1% (5\/62), with average and maximum concentrations of 0.46 \u00b1 1.90 \u03bcg kg\u22121 and 13.6 \u03bcg kg\u22121, respectively. Nicarbazin presented an overall higher frequency, 88.7% (55\/62), with levels up to 744.8 \u03bcg kg\u22121. Additionally, four samples (6.5%) presented both nicarbazin and diclazuril. Home-raised egg samples (n = 28) showed a detection frequency of 89.3%, with nicarbazin found in more samples (85.7% vs. 17.9%) and at higher levels (266.3 \u00b1 169.4 \u03bcg kg\u22121 vs. 0.91 \u00b1 2.78 \u03bcg kg\u22121) when compared to diclazuril. In supermarket samples (n = 34), only nicarbazin was detected in 31 samples (91.1%), with an average of 167.6 \u00b1 62.2 \u03bcg kg\u22121. Considering the average contamination scenario, consumers\u2019 health should not be adversely affected by egg consumption. In every scenario considered, children were the most vulnerable population group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T02:33:36Z","timestamp":1678761216000},"page":"1225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Assessment of Nine Coccidiostats in Commercial and Home-Raised Eggs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7857-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 M. P. T.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana J. G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2597-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia C.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Vasco da Gama, Escola Universit\u00e1ria Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. Jos\u00e9 R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Lordem\u00e3o, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3292-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, REQUIMTE\/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0902-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020). World Food and Agriculture\u2014Statistical Yearbook 2020, FAO."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6685","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.15366","article-title":"Toxic Elements in Eggs and Egg-Based Products: Occurrence, Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterisation for the Serbian Population","volume":"56","author":"Mitrovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2020). 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