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Characterizing their protein content and quality, including in underutilized grain legumes, e.g., grass pea, gives value to the legumes\u2019 underexplored variability. To fill the gap of knowledge in legumes\u2019 protein quality, for the first time, five extensive collections of cool season grain legumes were cropped under the same environmental conditions and further analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed the existent intra- and inter-species variability. The legume species with the highest protein content, grass pea, Lathyrus sativus (LS), was not the one with the overall highest individual amino acids content and in vitro protein digestibility. With these last characteristics lentil, Lens culinaris (LC), was highlighted. The highest average values of arginine (Arg), glutamic acid (Glu), and threonine (Thr) were found in LS and Vicia faba (VF). Cicer arietinum (CA) stood out as the species with the highest values of Thr and methionine (Met). Regarding the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), LC, followed by Pisum sativum (PS) and LS, were the legume species with the highest values. Ultimately, this study bought to the fore legume species that are not commonly used in western diets but have high adaptability to the European agricultural systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12071383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T08:43:03Z","timestamp":1679647383000},"page":"1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High Inter- and Intra- Diversity of Amino Acid Content and Protein Digestibility Disclosed in Five Cool Season Legume Species with a Growing Market Demand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2340-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Mecha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara Lisa","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3047-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Bento da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana B\u00e1rbara","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9644-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Rubiales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Avda Men\u00e9ndez Pidal s\/n, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8469-7508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carlota","family":"Vaz Patto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Bronze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a314","DOI":"10.3989\/arbor.2016.779n3004","article-title":"Grain legume protein quality: A hot subject","volume":"192","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arbor"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"United Nations (2022, July 25). 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