{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:05:06Z","timestamp":1776445506332,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research","award":["731077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731077"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research","award":["PE0000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000003"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research","award":["CUP D93C22000890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP D93C22000890001"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["731077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731077"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["PE0000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000003"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["CUP D93C22000890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP D93C22000890001"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["731077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731077"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["PE0000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000003"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["CUP D93C22000890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP D93C22000890001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["731077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731077"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PE0000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000003"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["CUP D93C22000890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP D93C22000890001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acheta domesticus (house cricket) has been recently introduced into the official European list of novel foods, representing an alternative and sustainable food source. Up to now, the chemical characterization of this edible insect has been focused only on specific classes of compounds. Here, three production batches of an A. domesticus powder were investigated by means of a multimethodological approach based on NMR, FT-ICR MS, and GC-MS methodologies. The applied analytical protocol, proposed for the first time in the study of an edible insect, allowed us to identify and quantify compounds not previously reported in crickets. In particular, methyl-branched hydrocarbons, previously identified in other insects, together with other compounds such as citrulline, formate, \u03b3-terpinene, p-cymene, \u03b1-thujene, \u03b2-thujene, and 4-carene were detected. Amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids were also identified and quantified. The improved knowledge of the chemical profile of this novel food opens new horizons both for the use of crickets as a food ingredient and for the use of extracts for the production of new formulations. In order to achieve this objective, studies regarding safety, biological activity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability are needed as future perspectives in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12122331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T10:52:15Z","timestamp":1686307935000},"page":"2331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Multimethodological Approach for the Chemical Characterization of Edible Insects: The Case Study of Acheta domesticus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-0971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Spano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Di Matteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4395-6295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Fernandez Retamozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4820-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Lasalvia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4192-5416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ruggeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Sandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo-Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sousa Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo-Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Totaro Fila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alia Insect Farm, Via Olmetto, 20123 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Garzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0991-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisa","family":"Crestoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Mannina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110709","article-title":"The use of alternative food sources to improve health and guarantee access and food intake","volume":"149","author":"Mariutti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, October 15). United Nations Sustainable Development GOALS. Available online: https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/development-agenda\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.03.040","article-title":"Edible insects: An overview on nutritional characteristics, safety, farming, production technologies, regulatory framework, and socio-economic and ethical implications","volume":"100","author":"Baiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2019.0017","article-title":"Insects as food and feed, a new emerging agricultural sector: A review","volume":"6","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Insects Food Feed"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nfs.2016.07.001","article-title":"Nutritional and sensory quality of edible insects","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"NFS J."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"FAO (2013). Edible Insects\u2014Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security, FAO."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Union, E. (2022, October 15). EUR-Lex. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32022R0188."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-021-03709-x","article-title":"Characterization of freeze-dried, oven-dried and blanched house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis) by means of their physicochemical properties and volatile compounds","volume":"247","author":"Khatun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.25.597","article-title":"Nutritional Values and Functional Properties of House Cricket (Acheta domesticus) and Field Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus)","volume":"25","author":"Udomsil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125742","article-title":"Characterization, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase of extracts from the edible insects Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor","volume":"309","author":"Otero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1790(89)90058-9","article-title":"Fatty acid and lipid analysis of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus","volume":"19","author":"Grapes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Insect Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beldean, B.V., Chi\u0219, M.S., Alexa, E., Pop, C., P\u0103ucean, A., Man, S., Igual, M., Haydee, K.M., Dalma, K.E., and St\u0103nil\u0103, S. (2022). The Impact of Insect Flour on Sourdough Fermentation-Fatty Acids, Amino-Acids, Minerals and Volatile Profile. Insects, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13070576"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nino, M.C., Reddivari, L., Ferruzzi, M.G., and Liceaga, A.M. (2021). Targeted phenolic characterization and antioxidant bioactivity of extracts from edible Acheta domesticus. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10102295"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spano, M., Di Matteo, G., Ingallina, C., Botta, B., Quaglio, D., Ghirga, F., Balducci, S., Cammarone, S., Campiglia, E., and Giusti, A.M. (2021). A multimethodological characterization of cannabis sativa l. Inflorescences from seven dioecious cultivars grown in Italy: The effect of different harvesting stages. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26102912"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingallina, C., Spano, M., Sobolev, A.P., Esposito, C., Santarcangelo, C., Baldi, A., Daglia, M., and Mannina, L. (2020). Characterization of Local Products for Their Industrial Use: The Case of Italian Potato Cultivars Analyzed by Untargeted and Targeted Methodologies. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9091216"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spano, M., Maccelli, A., Di Matteo, G., Ingallina, C., Biava, M., Crestoni, M.E., Bardaud, J.X., Giusti, A.M., Mariano, A., and D\u2019abusco, A.S. (2021). Metabolomic profiling of fresh goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries from two cultivars grown in central Italy: A multi-methodological approach. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175412"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruggeri, M., Bianchi, E., Vigani, B., S\u00e1nchez-Espejo, R., Spano, M., Totaro Fila, C., Mannina, L., Viseras, C., Rossi, S., and Sandri, G. (2023). Nutritional and Functional Properties of Novel Italian Spray-Dried Cricket Powder. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010112"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Dossey, A.T., Tatum, J.T., and McGill, W.L. (2016). Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients: Production, Processing and Food Applications, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Matteo, G., Spano, M., Esposito, C., Santarcangelo, C., Baldi, A., Daglia, M., Mannina, L., Ingallina, C., and Sobolev, A.P. (2021). Nmr characterization of ten apple cultivars from the piedmont region. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10020289"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72781-2","article-title":"Integrating metabolomics and targeted gene expression to uncover potential biomarkers of fungal\/oomycetes-associated disease susceptibility in grapevine","volume":"10","author":"Maia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131348","article-title":"Effect of malting on nutritional and antioxidant properties of the seeds of two industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars","volume":"370","author":"Farinon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00e4gele, B., Witting, M., Schmitt-Kopplin, P., and Suhre, K. (2012). Masstrix reloaded: Combined analysis and visualization of transcriptome and metabolome data. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039860"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5336","DOI":"10.1021\/ac034415p","article-title":"Graphical Method for Analysis of Ultrahigh-Resolution Broadband Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter, the Van Krevelen Diagram","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gowda, S.G.B., Fuda, H., Tsukui, T., Chiba, H., and Hui, S.P. (2020). Discovery of eicosapentaenoic acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids as potent nrf2 activators. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9050397"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5730","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10317","article-title":"Quantitative profiling of major neutral lipid classes in human meibum by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15718","article-title":"Chemical convergence between plants and insects: Biosynthetic origins and functions of common secondary metabolites","volume":"223","author":"Beran","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417605112","article-title":"Isolation and determination of absolute configurations of insect-produced methyl-branched hydrocarbons","volume":"112","author":"Bello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.113888","article-title":"Physicochemical characteristics and aroma patterns of oils prepared from edible insects","volume":"167","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jardine, K.J., de O. Piva, L.R., Rodrigues, T.B., Spanner, G.C., Rodrigues, J.R., Menezes, V.S., Sampaio, I., Oliveira, D.C., Gimenez, B.O., and Higuchi, N. (2020). Volatiles defenses of Amazon Azteca ants (repellent ants). bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.15.043547"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton, R.J., Raie, M.Y., Weatherston, I., Brooks, C.J., and Borthwick, J.H. (1975). Crustacean surface waxes. Part I. The hydrocarbons from the surface of Ligia oceanica. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 354\u2013357.","DOI":"10.1039\/p19750000354"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.18.295","article-title":"Glycerol in the Eggs of the Two-Spotted Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer","volume":"18","author":"Izumiyama","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"e16082","article-title":"Novel foods: A risk profile for the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)","volume":"16","author":"Supeanu","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA J."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/12\/12\/2331\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:52:00Z","timestamp":1760125920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/12\/12\/2331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["foods12122331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12122331","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]}}}