{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:53:33Z","timestamp":1776182013524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ALGAVALOR","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"ALGAVALOR","award":["COMPETE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2020"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["COMPETE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2020"]}]},{"name":"Lisbon Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa 2020)","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"Lisbon Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa 2020)","award":["COMPETE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2020"]}]},{"name":"Algarve Regional Operational Programme (Algarve 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"Algarve Regional Operational Programme (Algarve 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["COMPETE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been documented as potential vitamin B12 producers and may constitute an exogenous source of cobalamin for the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, which has been described as being able to perform vitamin uptake. Hence, there is an interest in discovering novel B12-producing probiotic LAB. Therefore, the purpose of the current work was to perform a phenotype\u2013genotype analysis of the vitamin B12 biosynthesis capacity of LAB isolated from C. vulgaris bioreactors, and investigate their probiotic potential. Among the selected strains, Lactococcus lactis E32, Levilactobacillus brevis G31, and Pediococcus pentosaceus L51 demonstrated vitamin B12 biosynthesis capacity, with the latter producing the highest (28.19 \u00b1 2.27 pg mL\u22121). The genomic analysis confirmed the presence of pivotal genes involved in different steps of the biosynthetic pathway (hemL, cbiT, cobC, and cobD). Notably, P. pentosaceus L51 was the only strain harboring cobA, pduU, and pduV genes, which may provide evidence for the presence of the cobalamin operon. All strains demonstrated the capability to withstand harsh gastrointestinal conditions, although P. pentosaceus L51 was more resilient. The potential for de novo cobalamin biosynthesis and remarkable probiotic features highlighted that P. pentosaceus L51 may be considered the most promising candidate strain for developing high-content vitamin B12 formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12173277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T08:45:31Z","timestamp":1693557931000},"page":"3277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exploiting Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Chlorella vulgaris Photobioreactors as Promising Vitamin B12 Producers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3745-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Darmancier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV\u2014Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P., 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0059-5177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV\u2014Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P., 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"cE3c\u2014Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALLMICROALGAE Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s\/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALLMICROALGAE Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s\/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui M. S. C.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217746612","article-title":"Vitamin B(12) Sources and Microbial Interaction","volume":"243","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. 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