{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T06:25:57Z","timestamp":1772519157805,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Better knowledge regarding the Listeria monocytogenes dose\u2013response (DR) model is needed to refine the assessment of the risk of foodborne listeriosis. In 2018, the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) derived a lognormal Poisson DR model for 14 different age\u2013sex sub-groups, marginally to strain virulence. In the present study, new sets of parameters are developed by integrating the EFSA model for these sub-groups together with three classes of strain virulence characteristics (\u201cless virulent\u201d, \u201cvirulent\u201d, and \u201cmore virulent\u201d). Considering classes of virulence leads to estimated relative risks (RRs) of listeriosis following the ingestion of 1000 bacteria of \u201cless virulent\u201d vs. \u201cmore virulent\u201d strains ranging from 21.6 to 24.1, depending on the sub-group. These relatively low RRs when compared with RRs linked to comorbidities described in the literature suggest that the influence of comorbidity on the occurrence of invasive listeriosis for a given exposure is much more important than the influence of the virulence of the strains. The updated model parameters allow better prediction of the risk of invasive listeriosis across a population of interest, provided the necessary data on population demographics and the proportional contribution of strain virulence classes in food products of interest are available. An R package is made available to facilitate the use of these dose\u2013response models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13050751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T08:13:44Z","timestamp":1709194424000},"page":"751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Updated Parameters for Listeria monocytogenes Dose\u2013Response Model Considering Pathogen Virulence and Age and Sex of Consumer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6107-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Pouillot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 18 rue Mohamed Al Ghazi, Rabat 10170, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6240-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Kiermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Process Improvement Consulting and Training Pty Ltd., Gumeracha 5233, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7867-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Guillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3077-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco","family":"Cadavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Moez","family":"Sanaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Safety Department, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2023). The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report. EFSA J., 21, e8442.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.8442"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"FAO, and WHO (2021). Microbiological Risk Assessment Guidance for Food, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00270-1","article-title":"Microbial Risk Assessment: Dose-Response Relations and Risk Characterization","volume":"58","author":"Buchanan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12005","article-title":"New Data, Strategies, and Insights for Listeria monocytogenes Dose-Response Models: Summary of an Interagency Workshop, 2011","volume":"33","author":"Hoelzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"FAO, and WHO (2004). Risk Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready to Eat Foods, World Health Organization. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Haas, C.N., Rose, J.B., and Gerba, C.P. (1999). Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-60.8.918","article-title":"Use of Epidemiologic and Food Survey Data to Estimate a Purposefully Conservative Dose-Response Relationship for Listeria monocytogenes Levels and Incidence of Listeriosis","volume":"60","author":"Buchanan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12235","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes Dose Response Revisited\u2014Incorporating Adjustments for Variability in Strain Virulence and Host Susceptibility","volume":"35","author":"Pouillot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), Ricci, A., Allende, A., Bolton, D., Chemaly, M., Davies, R., Fern\u00e1ndez Esc\u00e1mez, P.S., Girones, R., Herman, L., and Koutsoumanis, K. (2018). Listeria monocytogenes Contamination of Ready-to-Eat Foods and the Risk for Human Health in the EU. EFSA J., 16, e05134.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5134"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mran.2018.06.003","article-title":"Next Generation Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment: Refinement of the Cold Smoked Salmon-Related Listeriosis Risk Model by Integrating Genomic Data","volume":"10","author":"Fritsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"FAO, and WHO (2022). Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Foods: Attribution, Characterization and Monitoring\u2014Meeting Report, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/0272-4332.00035","article-title":"Conditional Dose-Response Relationships for Microorganisms: Development and Application","volume":"22","author":"Haas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir902","article-title":"Incidence of Listeriosis and Related Mortality among Groups at Risk of Acquiring Listeriosis","volume":"54","author":"Goulet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(01)00460-3","article-title":"Assessment of the Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: Agreement between a Plaque-Forming Assay with HT-29 Cells and Infection of Immunocompetent Mice","volume":"68","author":"Roche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"FDA, and FSIS (2003). Quantitative Assessment of Relative Risk to Public Health from Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes among Selected Categories of Ready-to-Eat Foods."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1151E","article-title":"Closing Gaps for Performing a Risk Assessment on Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-eat (RTE) Foods: Activity 3, the Comparison of Isolates from Different Compartments along the Food Chain, and from Humans Using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kiil","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA Support. Publ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (2013). Analysis of the Baseline Survey on the Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Certain Ready-to-Eat Foods in the EU, 2010\u20132011 Part A: Listeria Monocytogenes Prevalence Estimates. EFSA J., 11, 3241.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2013.3241"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1252E","article-title":"Closing Gaps for Performing a Risk Assessment on Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Foods: Activity 2, a Quantitative Risk Characterization on L. monocytogenes in RTE Foods; Starting from the Retail Stage","volume":"14","author":"Carrasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA Support. Publ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-66.4.559","article-title":"Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods","volume":"66","author":"Gombas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"R Development Core Team, R (2024, February 01). A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available online: http:\/\/www.R-project.org."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.06.002","article-title":"Predictive Microbiology Models vs. Modeling Microbial Growth within Listeria monocytogenes Risk Assessment: What Parameters Matter and Why","volume":"28","author":"Pouillot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2009). Guidance of the Scientific Committee on Transparency in the Scientific Aspects of Risk Assessments Carried out by EFSA. Part 2: General Principles. EFSA J., 7, 1051.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1051"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2008.01200.x","article-title":"Quantitative Risk Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in French Cold-Smoked Salmon: II. Risk Characterization","volume":"29","author":"Pouillot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-023-00293-x","article-title":"Comparative Genomics Unveils Extensive Genomic Variation between Populations of Listeria Species in Natural and Food-Associated Environments","volume":"3","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISME Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Chen, W., Wang, J., Xu, B., Liu, H., Dong, Q., and Zhang, X. (2020). 10-Year Molecular Surveillance of Listeria Monocytogenes Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in Shanghai, China, 2009\u20132019. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.551020"}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/13\/5\/751\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:06:51Z","timestamp":1760105211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/13\/5\/751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["foods13050751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13050751","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]}}}