{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:34:02Z","timestamp":1778002442916,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.09380.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.09380.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.14749.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.14749.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study employs molecular detection techniques, including conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing, to investigate the prevalence, species composition and public health implications of Anisakid nematodes in blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) caught off the Portuguese coast. With Portugal\u2019s high fish consumption rates and increasing preference for raw or undercooked seafood, the risk of parasitic infections, particularly anisakidosis, is rising. Fifty blue whiting fish were examined, showing a 100% infection rate with Anisakid larvae. Molecular analysis identified 68.1% of the larvae as Anisakis simplex, 18.1% as Anisakis pegreffii, and 13.8% as Hysterothylacium aduncum, marking the first report of H. aduncum in blue whiting in Portugal. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA and ITS-2 confirmed the species classification. Notably, 42.9% of the fish were infected with multiple Anisakid species, increasing the risk of allergenic sensitization. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between fish width and parasitic load, and a weak negative correlation was found between fish length and parasitic load. The study contributes to food safety by integrating molecular tools that enable rapid and accurate species identification, offering new insights into the detection of biological contaminants in seafood. These findings are significant considering the rising trend in raw seafood consumption, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced detection strategies and broader parasite monitoring programs to mitigate public health risks. The high prevalence of parasitized fish highlights the necessity for the implementation of safe cooking practices to reduce the risk of anisakidosis. Further research into the allergenic potential of Hysterothylacium spp. and the ecological factors influencing this nematode distribution is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T07:40:32Z","timestamp":1732606832000},"page":"3802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection and Characterization of Visceral Anisakid Nematodes in Blue Whiting from Portuguese Waters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Athanasia","family":"Rigkou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4295-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahima","family":"Hemnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, M.J., Matos, M., Guardone, L., Golden, O., Armani, A., Caldeira, A.J.R., and Vieira-Pinto, M. (2022). Preliminary Data on the Occurrence of Anisakis spp. in European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Caught off the Portuguese Coast and on Reports of Human Anisakiosis in Portugal. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020331"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos, J., Lino, P.G., An\u00edbal, J., and Esteves, E. (2023). (Un)Wanted Fish: Potential Consumers\u2019 Acceptability of Landings in the Portuguese Case. Fishes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8060324"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200409","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2022.e200409","article-title":"Seafood Safety and Food-borne Zoonoses from Fish","volume":"20","author":"Golden","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohnishi, T., Banzai, A., Hara-Kudo, Y., and Sugiyama, H. (2023). Prevalence and Abundance of Anisakis Larvae in Ready-to-Eat Mackerel Products in Japan. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110181"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.108810","article-title":"Raw Fish Consumption in Portugal: A Survey on Trends in Consumption and Consumer Characteristics","volume":"135","author":"Golden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.06.005","article-title":"Anaphylaxis Due to Anisakidosis","volume":"27","author":"Autier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.020","article-title":"Molecular Identification of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium Larvae in Commercial Cephalopods from the Spanish Mediterranean Coast","volume":"220","author":"Abollo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1ngeles-Hern\u00e1ndez, J.C., Anda, F.R.G., Reyes-Rodr\u00edguez, N.E., Vega-S\u00e1nchez, V., Garc\u00eda-Reyna, P.B., Campos-Montiel, R.G., Calder\u00f3n-Apodaca, N.L., Salgado-Miranda, C., and Andrea, P. (2020). Zepeda-Vel\u00e1zquez Genera and Species of the Anisakidae Family and Their Geographical Distribution. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122374"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1399466","article-title":"An Investigation of the Prevalence and Diversity of Anisakis in China: Marine Food Safety Implications","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07881-9","article-title":"A Critical Review of Anisakidosis Cases Occurring Globally","volume":"122","author":"Shamsi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adroher, F.J., Morales-Yuste, M., and Ben\u00edtez, R. (2024). Anisakiasis and Anisakidae. Pathogens, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020148"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin-Carrillo, N., Garc\u00eda-Livia, K., Baz-Gonz\u00e1lez, E., Abreu-Acosta, N., Dorta-Guerra, R., Valladares, B., and Foronda, P. (2022). Morphological and Molecular Identification of Anisakis spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Commercial Fish from the Canary Islands Coast (Spain): Epidemiological Data. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192634"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12349","article-title":"Anisakis\u2014Immunology of a Foodborne Parasitosis","volume":"38","author":"Nieuwenhuizen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhn, T., Cunze, S., Kochmann, J., and Klimpel, S. (2016). Environmental Variables and Definitive Host Distribution: A Habitat Suitability Modelling for Endohelminth Parasites in the Marine Realm. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30246"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roca-Geron\u00e8s, X., Segovia, M., God\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez, C., Fisa, R., and Montoliu, I. (2020). Anisakis and Hysterothylacium Species in Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic Fishes Commonly Consumed in Spain: Epidemiological, Molecular and Morphometric Discriminant Analysis. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 325.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108642"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202320211046","article-title":"Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Hysterothylacium spp. Parasitizing Pomatomus saltatrix and Pagrus pagrus of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"95","author":"Serrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3636-z","article-title":"Microbiota and Gut Ultrastructure of Anisakis pegreffii Isolated from Stranded Cetaceans in the Adriatic Sea","volume":"12","author":"Mladineo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02879","article-title":"Anisakidae in Beluga Whales Delphinapterus Leucas from Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait","volume":"115","author":"Najda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomba, M., Mattiucci, S., Crocetta, F., Osca, D., and Santoro, M. (2021). Insights into the Role of Deep-Sea Squids of the Genus Histioteuthis (Histioteuthidae) in the Life Cycle of Ascaridoid Parasites in the Central Mediterranean Sea Waters. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86248-5"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X20000115","article-title":"Recent Increase of Ulcerative Lesions Caused by Anisakis spp. In Cetaceans from the North-East Atlantic","volume":"94","author":"Hazenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.15908","article-title":"Anisakis Allergy: Raising Awareness","volume":"35","author":"Rama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, M., Pierce, G.J., Pascual, S., Gonz\u00e1lez-Mun\u00f5z, M., Mattiucci, S., Mladineo, I., Cipriani, P., Bu\u0161eli\u0107, I., and Strachan, N.J.C. (2017). Assessing the Risk of an Emerging Zoonosis of Worldwide Concern: Anisakiasis. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43699"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.05.004","article-title":"Anisakis Sp. and Hysterothylacium Sp. Larvae in Anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and Chub Mackerel (Scomber colias) in the Mediterranean Sea: Molecular Identification and Risk Factors","volume":"80","author":"Gazzonis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06807-z","article-title":"Anisakid Nematode Larvae in the Liver of Atlantic Cod Gadus Morhua L. from West Greenland","volume":"119","author":"Severin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audicana, M.T. (2022). Anisakis, Something Is Moving Inside the Fish. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030326"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-014-0455-3","article-title":"Allergic Reactions to Anisakis Found in Fish","volume":"14","author":"Nieuwenhuizen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavallero, S., Lombardo, F., Salvemini, M., Pizzarelli, A., Cantacessi, C., and D\u2019Amelio, S. (2020). Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex Sensu Stricto and Anisakis pegreffii. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11030321"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X20000942","article-title":"Immunohistopathological Response against Anisakid Nematode Larvae and a Coccidian in Micromesistius Poutassou from NE Atlantic Waters","volume":"95","author":"Simoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.026","article-title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Anisakis simplex s.l. Infection in Blue Whiting (Micromesistius Poutassou) in a Confluence Zone of the Atlantic and Mediterranean: Differences between A. Simplex s.s. and A. Pegreffii","volume":"232","author":"Valero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.026","article-title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Anisakis spp. in Blue Whiting Micromesistius Poutassou in Eastern Waters of Spain, Western Mediterranean Sea","volume":"282","author":"Adroher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13918","article-title":"Blue Whiting Micromesistius Poutassou Diel Feeding Behaviour in the Irminger Sea","volume":"678","author":"Post","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.107913","article-title":"Anisakis Notification in Fish: An Assessment of the Cases Reported in the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) Database","volume":"124","author":"Caldeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Debenedetti, \u00c1.L., Madrid, E., Trelis, M., Codes, F.J., Gil-G\u00f3mez, F., S\u00e1ez-Dur\u00e1n, S., and Fuentes, M.V. (2019). Prevalence and Risk of Anisakid Larvae in Fresh Fish Frequently Consumed in Spain: An Overview. Fishes, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes4010013"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06892-0","article-title":"World-Wide Prevalence of Anisakis Larvae in Fish and Its Relationship to Human Allergic Anisakiasis: A Systematic Review","volume":"119","author":"Rahmati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes-De-s\u00e1, S., Barradas, P., Queir\u00f3s-Reis, L., Matas, I.M., Amorim, I., Cardoso, L., Mu\u00f1oz-M\u00e9rida, A., and Mesquita, J.R. (2022). De Novo Assembly of the Dirofilaria Immitis Genome by Long-Read Nanopore-Based Sequencing Technology on an Adult Worm from a Canine Cardiopulmonary Dirofilariosis Case. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12111342"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001579","article-title":"SSCP-Based Identification of Members within the Pseudoterranova Decipiens Complex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae) Using Genetic Markers in the Internal Transcribed Spacers of Ribosomal DNA","volume":"124","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Sanchez, B., Masi\u00e1, P., Garcia-Vazquez, E., Ardura, A., and Dopico, E. (2024). Detecting Gaps in Knowledge: The Case of the Anisakis in Northwestern Spain. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202406.1418.v1"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes, M.V., Madrid, E., Cuesta, C., Gimeno, C., Baquedano-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Soriano-S\u00e1nchez, I., Bol\u00edvar, A.M., S\u00e1ez-Dur\u00e1n, S., Trelis, M., and Debenedetti, \u00c1.L. (2022). Anisakid Nematodes and Potential Risk of Human Anisakiasis through the Consumption of Hake, Merluccius Spp., Sold Fresh in Spanish Supermarkets. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060622"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2023.110162","article-title":"Post-Mortem Tissue Migration of Anisakis simplex (s.s.) Larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Three Commercially Harvested Fish Species from the Northeast Atlantic: The Role of Storage Time and Temperature","volume":"157","author":"Cipriani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06816-y","article-title":"Occurrence of Larval Anisakids in Horse Mackerel (Trachurus Trachurus) Caught in Portuguese Waters","volume":"119","author":"Lopes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1645\/12-120.1","article-title":"Genetic and Morphological Approaches Distinguish the Three Sibling Species of the Anisakis simplex Species Complex, with a Species Designation as Anisakis berlandi n. Sp. for A. simplex Sp. C (Nematoda: Anisakidae)","volume":"100","author":"Mattiucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattiucci, S., Cipriani, P., Levsen, A., Paoletti, M., and Nascetti, G. (2018). Molecular Epidemiology of Anisakis and Anisakiasis: An Ecological and Evolutionary Road Map, Elsevier Ltd.. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2017.12.001"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cipriani, P., Palomba, M., Giulietti, L., Bao, M., Mattiucci, S., and Levsen, A. (2021). Anisakis simplex (s.s.) Larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) Hidden in the Mantle of European Flying Squid Todarodes Sagittatus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in NE Atlantic Ocean: Food Safety Implications. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 339.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.109021"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3942-5","article-title":"Increasing Intensities of Anisakis simplex Third-Stage Larvae (L3) in Atlantic Salmon of Coastal Waters of Scotland","volume":"13","author":"Kent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.08.001","article-title":"Anisakis\u2014A Food-Borne Parasite That Triggers Allergic Host Defences","volume":"43","author":"Nieuwenhuizen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.04.007","article-title":"Anisakis Nematodes in Fish and Shellfish- from Infection to Allergies","volume":"9","author":"Aibinu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2024.100937","article-title":"Location and Elimination of Anisakis simplex Third Stage Larvae in Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus L.","volume":"24","author":"Kumas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2023.02.007","article-title":"Anisakis Infection in Anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) from Iberian Waters, Southwestern Europe: Post-Mortem Larval Migration","volume":"157","author":"Adroher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.02.013","article-title":"Human Health, Legislative and Socioeconomic Issues Caused by the Fish-Borne Zoonotic Parasite Anisakis: Challenges in Risk Assessment","volume":"86","author":"Bao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-020-00273-9","article-title":"Progress in Anisakis Allergy Research: Milestones and Reversals","volume":"7","author":"Daschner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Allergy"}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/13\/23\/3802\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:39:46Z","timestamp":1760114386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/13\/23\/3802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["foods13233802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13233802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]}}}