{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T05:39:52Z","timestamp":1778391592137,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["CIMO UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIMO UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["SusTEC LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SusTEC LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["LSRE-LCM UIDB\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSRE-LCM UIDB\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["ALiCE LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALiCE LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["2020.08803.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.08803.BD"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/148281\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/148281\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["2021.05215.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05215.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["CIMO UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIMO UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["SusTEC LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SusTEC LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["LSRE-LCM UIDB\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSRE-LCM UIDB\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["ALiCE LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALiCE LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["2020.08803.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.08803.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["SFRH\/BD\/148281\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/148281\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["2021.05215.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05215.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Daucus carota L. extract is attracting interest as a natural colorant alternative. However, the presence of anthocyanins (ACNs), which are sensitive to pH changes, limits its application. To tackle this issue, water-in-oil-in-water (W1\/O\/W2) double emulsions are emerging as innovative solutions. Nevertheless, the problem of reaching robust colorant systems for industrial use still needs to be overcome. One important target is to reach a high coloring power, minimizing its impact on the final product. In this context, the effect of colorant concentration and the volume of the primary emulsion, two routes to increase the colorant power, on color attributes and stability, an important feature to reach a marketable product, was studied. The optimal experimental design was conducted to two optimal solutions, whether through heightened colorant concentration or primary emulsion volume: a 41\/59 (W1\/O)\/W2 ratio with 11 wt.% colorant, and a 48\/52 (W1\/O)\/W2 ratio with 6 wt.% colorant, respectively. A subsequent assessment of color and physical emulsion stability over 30 days pointed out the solution with the lower colorant concentration (6 wt.%) as the one with better performance (L*: 44.11 \u00b1 0.03, a*: 25.79 \u00b1 0.01, D4;3: 9.62 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b5m, and CI: 14.55 \u00b1 0.99%), also minimizing the permeability of the colorant to the outer aqueous phase. Overall, these optimized emulsions offer versatile coloring solutions suitable for various industrial applications, such as food matrices and functional cosmetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13244147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1734945218000},"page":"4147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Developing High-Coloring Natural Systems Using Double Emulsions with Daucus carota L. Extract to Meet High-Performance Requirements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1385-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liandra","family":"Gracher-Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM\u2014Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samara C. Silva","family":"Pituco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM\u2014Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8715-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovana","family":"Colucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM\u2014Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arantzazu","family":"Santamaria-Echart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6595-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Madalena M.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSRE-LCM\u2014Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Filomena","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espinosa-Acosta, G., Ramos-Jacques, A., Molina, G., Maya-Cornejo, J., Esparza, R., Hernandez-Martinez, A., S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., and Estevez, M. (2018). Stability Analysis of Anthocyanins Using Alcoholic Extracts from Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. Sativus Var. Atrorubens Alef.). 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