{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:37:23Z","timestamp":1772840243483,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NextGenerationEu","award":["C644915664-00000026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644915664-00000026"]}]},{"name":"NextGenerationEu","award":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"NextGenerationEu","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"NextGenerationEu","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C644915664-00000026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644915664-00000026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions for a valuable source of antioxidants: seaweed. Therefore, ten seaweed samples were subjected to a solid\u2013liquid extraction (SLE), where the extraction conditions (biomass (g): solvent (mL) ratio, temperature, and time) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The seaweeds were also subjected to subcritical water extraction (SWE) (140 and 190 \u00b0C) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (10 and 20 min). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was determined through the ferric-reducing antioxidant power and the 2,2\u2032-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The total phenolic content revealed the significance of temperature and biomass; solvent ratio parameters in the extraction process with higher conditions generally promoting the release of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, applying RSM allowed for the identification of optimal conditions and the establishment of predictive models that can be valuable in industrial-scale extraction processes. The antioxidant potency composite index (APCI) shows that SWE at 190 \u00b0C stands out, with E. bicyclis reaching an APCI score of 46.27%. The AGREEprep evaluation showed that UAE is the most sustainable method, achieving the highest score (0.69). The results of this study contribute to the development of efficient and standardized extraction protocols for each seaweed species, allowing for the maximum yield of antioxidants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14030453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T11:08:23Z","timestamp":1738235303000},"page":"453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optimized Extraction Protocols for Bioactive Antioxidants from Commercial Seaweeds in Portugal: A Comparative Study of Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0924-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0341-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1951-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ramalhosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8687-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO), CQB, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina F.","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouritsen, O.G., Mouritsen, J.D., and Johansen, M. (2013). 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