{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:06:45Z","timestamp":1775012805809,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds from FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds from FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UI\/BD\/152825\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/152825\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microalgae are a sustainable source of bioactive compounds and nutrients that do not compete with crops for arable land. Lobosphaera sp. was used to produce biodegradable films. Bioactive compounds, polysaccharides, and proteins were extracted from this microalga. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC) of the bioactive-rich extract were determined, and its composition was analyzed for phenolics using LC-ESI-QqTOF-HRMS and for lipids using GC-FID. The cytotoxicity of this extract on Caco-2 cells was also assessed. Different types of films were produced based on alginate (2%) (film A) and alginate with polysaccharides-rich (PS-rich) extract (0.5%) (film B); PS-rich extract and bioactive-rich extract (0.25%) (film C); protein-rich (P-rich) extract (0.5%) (film D); and P-rich extract and bioactive-rich extract (film E). The antioxidant activity and physical parameters of the films, such as thickness, color, water vapor permeability, solubility, tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EAB), were determined. The TPC of the bioactive-rich extract was 1.07 \u00b1 0.05 mg GAE\/100 mg DW, and its antioxidant activity was 2.44 \u00b1 0.27, 1.67 \u00b1 0.15, and 11.90 \u00b1 1.22 \u00b5mol TE\/100 mg DW for ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC, respectively. The extract showed no cytotoxicity to gut cells at concentrations equal to or below 1.0 mg\/mL. Film E obtained the best results for the antioxidant activity, 451.06 \u00b1 14.68 and 212.81 \u00b1 39.12 \u00b5M TE\/mg film for ABTS and DPPH, respectively. In addition, the films enriched with the bioactive-rich extract (films C and E) presented antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. These films controlled the mold and yeast growth in strawberries during a four-day storage at 25 \u00b0C. All films were completely soluble in water and hydroethanolic solutions but only partially solubilized in acetic acid (3%). TS and EAB were not significantly different among the films. It was possible to produce biodegradable films using microalga Lobosphaera sp. with good bioactivity and physical characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14081327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1744365951000},"page":"1327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biodegradable Films with Polysaccharides, Proteins, and Bioactive Compounds from Lobosphaera sp.: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valter F. R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7705-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia B.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6598-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Po\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0760-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui M. S. C.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alcina M. M. B.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Lim, S.R., Jeong, D.G., and Kim, J.H. (2018). 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