{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:51:12Z","timestamp":1772823072199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/00772\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00772\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/04033\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/6157\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/6157\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The environmental impact of conventional plastics has driven a shift toward biobased food packaging, shaped by consumer expectations, market trends, and regulatory policies within the European Union (EU). Despite extensive research on biopolymers such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, and polylactic acid (PLA), their use in commercial food packaging remains limited. A major challenge identified in the literature is the evaluation of biopolymer performance, in which environmental benefits are often considered independently of mechanical, barrier, and economic factors. This review addresses this gap by critically exploring the functional performance of biopolymers regarding their chemical structure and processing methods, with particular emphasis on the role of bioactive compounds in enhancing these materials\u2019 properties. Although several biopolymers can achieve tensile strength values comparable to conventional petroleum-based plastics, their higher water vapor transmission rates remain an unsolved barrier to scalability. These limitations, together with challenges related to mechanical performance and production costs, are discussed to clarify their impact on industrial feasibility and to identify priorities for future research supporting scalable, cost-effective, and regulatory-compliant food packaging solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15050920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:00:02Z","timestamp":1772802002000},"page":"920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Critical Review of Emerging Solutions for Food Packaging: Opportunities and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5840-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana C. L.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Water Technology Valorisation and Transference, AquaValor, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing (LiveWell), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Water Technology Valorisation and Transference, AquaValor, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing (LiveWell), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6799-747X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Water Technology Valorisation and Transference, AquaValor, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing (LiveWell), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0575-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Gouvinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Water Technology Valorisation and Transference, AquaValor, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Active Living & Wellbeing (LiveWell), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountain Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7492-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP (2026, February 25). Turning off the Tap: How the World can end Plastic Pollution and Create a Circular Economy. Available online: https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/handle\/20.500.11822\/42277."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.104906","article-title":"Rethinking single-use plastics: Innovations, polices, consumer awareness and market shaping biodegradable solutions in the food packaging industry","volume":"158","author":"Barone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.115018","article-title":"Can active and intelligent packaging support sustainability in food sector? Insights from a consumer\u2019s viewpoint","volume":"205","year":"2025","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panou, A., and Karabagias, I.K. (2023). Biodegradable packaging materials for foods preservation: Sources, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives. Coatings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13071176"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perera, K.Y., Jaiswal, A.K., and Jaiswal, S. (2023). Biopolymer-based sustainable food packaging materials: Challenges, solutions, and applications. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12122422"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Hazardous chemicals in recycled and reusable plastic food packaging","volume":"1","author":"Geueke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Camb. Prism. Plast."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guillard, V., Gaucel, S., Fornaciari, C., Angellier-Coussy, H., Buche, P., and Gontard, N. (2018). The next generation of sustainable food packaging to preserve our environment in a circular economy context. Front. Nutr., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00121"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137311","article-title":"Drivers and barriers for consumers purchasing bioplastics\u2014A systematic literature review","volume":"410","author":"Findrik","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciano, S., Di Mario, M., Goscinny, S., and Van Hoeck, E. (2023). Towards less plastic in food contact materials: An in-depth overview of the Belgian market. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12142737"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122961","article-title":"Characterizing the environmental impact of packaging materials for express delivery via life cycle assessment","volume":"274","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thapliyal, D., Karale, M., Diwan, V., Kumra, S., Arya, R.K., and Verros, G.D. (2024). Current Status of Sustainable Food Packaging Regulations: Global Perspective. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16135554"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"64","article-title":"Active packaging technologies and their applications in the food industry","volume":"47","author":"Floros","year":"1993","journal-title":"Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Versino, F., Ortega, F., Monroy, Y., Rivero, S., L\u00f3pez, O.V., and Garc\u00eda, M.A. (2023). Sustainable and bio-based food packaging: A review on past and current design innovations. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12051057"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ncube, L.K., Ude, A.U., Ogunmuyiwa, E.N., Zulkifli, R., and Beas, I.N. (2020). Environmental impact of food packaging materials: A review of contemporary development from conventional plastics to polylactic acid-based materials. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13214994"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristofoli, N.L., Lima, A.R., Tchonkouang, R.D., Quintino, A.C., and Vieira, M.C. (2023). Advances in the food packaging production from agri-food waste and by-products: Market trends for a sustainable development. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15076153"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scenv.2023.100027","article-title":"Bioremediation of plastics by the help of microbial tool: A way for control of plastic pollution","volume":"3","author":"Lokesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/macromol3020023","article-title":"Biodegradation of Polymers: Stages, Measurement, Standards and Prospects","volume":"3","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1021\/am5062745","article-title":"Release of engineered nanomaterials from polymer nanocomposites: Diffusion, dissolution, and desorption","volume":"7","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, R.K., Pipliya, S., Karunanithi, S., Eswaran U, G.M., Kumar, S., Mandliya, S., Srivastav, P.P., Suthar, T., and Kov\u00e1cs, B. (2024). Migration of Chemical Compounds from Packaging Materials into Packaged Foods: Interaction, Mechanism, Assessment, and Regulations. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13193125"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6872","article-title":"Techniques to measure sorption and migration between small molecules and packaging: A critical review","volume":"95","author":"Kadam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/pts.935","article-title":"Sorption Phenomena in Packaged Foods: Factors Affecting Sorption Processes in Package\u2013Product Systems","volume":"24","author":"Caner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Packag. Technol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/87560879211070465","article-title":"Food packaging and its oxygen transfer models in active multilayer structures: A theoretical review","volume":"38","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plast. Film. Sheeting"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-021-03767-x","article-title":"Biodegradable packaging materials","volume":"79","author":"Thulasisingh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzayeva, A., Coffigniez, F., Zeynalov, N., Gontard, N., and Guillard, V. (2023). Integrating the latest biological advances in the key steps of a food packaging life cycle. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1223638"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dilucia, F., Lacivita, V., Conte, A., and Del Nobile, M.A. (2020). Sustainable use of fruit and vegetable by-products to enhance food packaging performance. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9070857"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemes, A.C., Egea, M.B., Oliveira Filho, J.G.D., Gaut\u00e9rio, G.V., Ribeiro, B.D., and Coelho, M.A.Z. (2022). Biological approaches for extraction of bioactive compounds from agro-industrial by-products: A review. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.802543"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.054","article-title":"Bio-based films prepared with by-products and wastes: Environmental assessment","volume":"64","author":"Leceta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.26656\/fr.2017.6(1).696","article-title":"Interrelated of food safety, food security and sustainable food production","volume":"6","author":"Munirah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s42250-022-00446-w","article-title":"Food packaging materials with special reference to biopolymers-properties and applications","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Afr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FB00004K","article-title":"Biodegradable biopolymers for active packaging: Demand, development and directions","volume":"1","author":"Westlake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patti, A., and Acierno, D. (2022). Towards the Sustainability of the Plastic Industry through Biopolymers: Properties and Potential Applications to the Textiles World. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14040692"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/pts.2707","article-title":"Biopolymers for packaging applications: An overview","volume":"36","author":"Juikar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Packag. Technol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017bo\u0142ek-Tryznowska, Z., and Ka\u0142u\u017ca, A. (2021). The influence of starch origin on the properties of starch films: Packaging performance. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14051146"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146172","article-title":"Recent advances in cellulose, chitosan, and protein-based edible films for sustainable food packaging: A comprehensive review","volume":"321","author":"Pawase","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2021.100756","article-title":"Quality assessment of innovative chitosan-based biopolymers for edible food packaging applications","volume":"30","author":"Sady","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-025-06006-9","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the sustainable approach of fossil-based polymers toward bio-based polymers","volume":"82","author":"Roy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, I.D., Hamam, Y., Sadiku, E.R., Ndambuki, J.M., Kupolati, W.K., Jamiru, T., Eze, A.A., and Snyman, J. (2022). Need for sustainable packaging: An overview. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14204430"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-022-04443-4","article-title":"A comprehensive review on recent advances in preparation, physicochemical characterization, and bioengineering applications of biopolymers","volume":"80","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2013.01.019","article-title":"Compatibilization in bio-based and biodegradable polymer blends","volume":"49","author":"Imre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"487","article-title":"Casein Extraction from various milk samples and its role as a viable substitute for conventional plastics Neha","volume":"5","author":"Patni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. (IJAER)"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rom\u00e3o, S., Bettencourt, A., and Ribeiro, I.A. (2022). Novel features of cellulose-based films as sustainable alternatives for food packaging. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14224968"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vettel, U.T., Olza, S., de Fraissinette, N.B., Bascans, E., Castej\u00f3n, N., Adrien, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Mar\u00edn, R., Nardin, C., and Fernandes, S.C.M. (2022). Contributions of Women in Recent Research on Biopolymer Science. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14071420"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onyeaka, H., Obileke, K., Makaka, G., and Nwokolo, N. (2022). Current Research and Applications of Starch-Based Biodegradable Films for Food Packaging. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061126"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, D., Zhao, P., Chen, J., Yan, Y., and Wu, Z. (2022). Recent advances and applications in starch for intelligent active food packaging: A review. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11182879"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.04.016","article-title":"A review of cellulose and its derivatives in biopolymer-based for food packaging application","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.107328","article-title":"Chitosan for food packaging: Recent advances in active and intelligent films","volume":"124","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2020.102346","article-title":"Chitosan-based biodegradable functional films for food packaging applications","volume":"62","author":"Priyadarshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoleru, E., Vasile, C., Irimia, A., and Brebu, M. (2021). Towards a bioactive food packaging: Poly (lactic acid) surface functionalized by chitosan coating embedding clove and argan oils. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154500"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2021.07.005","article-title":"An overview of biodegradable packaging in food industry","volume":"4","author":"Shaikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontominas, M.G. (2020). Use of alginates as food packaging materials. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101440"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parreidt, T.S., M\u00fcller, K., and Schmid, M. (2018). Alginate-based edible films and coatings for food packaging applications. Foods, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7100170"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-024-05554-w","article-title":"Bio-based food packaging a sustainable alternative: Availability, viability and legislation","volume":"82","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.04.021","article-title":"A Review of Property Enhancement Techniques for Carrageenan-based Films and Coatings","volume":"216","author":"Sedayu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., Zhou, X., Dai, Q., and Qin, Z. (2021). Antibacterial, antioxidation, UV-blocking, and biodegradable soy protein isolate food packaging film with mangosteen peel extract and ZnO nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11123337"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128197","article-title":"Animal derived biopolymers for food packaging applications: A review","volume":"255","author":"Rahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, J., Pereira, J., Escobar-Avello, D., Ferreira, I., Vieira, C., Magalh\u00e3es, F.D., Martins, J.M., and Carvalho, L.H. (2022). Grape canes (Vitis vinifera L.) applications on packaging and particleboard industry: New bioadhesive based on grape extracts and citric acid. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061137"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11483-023-09794-7","article-title":"Recent advances of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipid-based edible films\/coatings for food packaging applications: A review","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Biophys."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Hann, S., Scholes, R., Molteno, S., Hilton, M., Favoino, E., and Jakobsen, L.G. (2020). Relevance of Biodegradable and Compostable Consumer Plastic Products and Packaging in a Circular Economy, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2024.01.080","article-title":"Applications of biodegradable materials in food packaging: A review","volume":"91","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolescu, C.M., Bumbac, M., Buruleanu, C.L., Popescu, E.C., Stanescu, S.G., Georgescu, A.A., and Toma, S.M. (2023). Biopolymers Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria: Characterization and Food Application. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15061539"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2020.100551","article-title":"Recent advances on chitosan-based films for sustainable food packaging applications","volume":"26","author":"Haghighi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9003","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07366","article-title":"Enhancing tensile strength, thermal stability, and antioxidant characteristics of transparent kappa carrageenan films using grapefruit essential oil for food packaging applications","volume":"9","author":"Bhatia","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avila, L.B., Barreto, E.R.C., Moraes, C.C., Morais, M.M., and Rosa, G.S.d. (2022). Promising New Material for Food Packaging: An Active and Intelligent Carrageenan Film with Natural Jaboticaba Additive. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11060792"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-023-09342-6","article-title":"Hydrophobic biopolymer-based films: Strategies, properties, and food applications","volume":"15","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Eng. Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-023-02037-w","article-title":"Comparison of properties of films prepared from casein modified by ultrasound and autoclave treatment","volume":"17","author":"Dutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12812","article-title":"Green-based active packaging: Opportunities beyond COVID-19, food applications, and perspectives in circular economy\u2014A brief review","volume":"20","author":"Barone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemes, S.A., Szabo, K., and Vodnar, D.C. (2020). Applicability of Agro-Industrial By-Products in Intelligent Food Packaging. Coatings, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10060550"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nogueira, G.F., de Oliveira, R.A., Velasco, J.I., and Fakhouri, F.M. (2020). Methods of incorporating plant-derived bioactive compounds into films made with agro-based polymers for application as food packaging: A brief review. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112518"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.05.013","article-title":"Oxygen scavengers for food packaging applications: A review","volume":"90","author":"Dey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-016-9332-1","article-title":"Novel natural phenolic compound-based oxygen scavenging system for active packaging applications","volume":"10","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.06.009","article-title":"A review of active packaging in bakery products: Applications and future trends","volume":"114","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-0810-z","article-title":"Moisture absorbers for food packaging applications","volume":"17","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2021.106335","article-title":"An overview of clay-polymer nanocomposites containing bioactive compounds for food packaging applications","volume":"216","author":"Cheikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e1rquez-Rodr\u00edguez, A.S., Nev\u00e1rez-Baca, S., Lerma-Hern\u00e1ndez, J.C., Hern\u00e1ndez-Ochoa, L.R., Nev\u00e1rez-Moorillon, G.V., Guti\u00e9rrez-M\u00e9ndez, N., Mu\u00f1oz-Castellanos, L.N., and Salas, E. (2020). In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. phenolic extract and its in situ application on shelf-life of beef meat. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9081080"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, I., Lamudji, I.G., Angkow, K.J., Insani, R.M.S., Mas, M.A., and Pui, L.P. (2023). Application of Edible Film with Asian Plant Extracts as an Innovative Food Packaging: A Review. Coatings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13020245"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.291","article-title":"Active biodegradable films based on the whole potato peel incorporated with bacterial cellulose and curcumin","volume":"150","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.070","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable active films with modified morphology based on polycaprolactone-polylactic acid-green tea extract","volume":"205","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.113551","article-title":"Evaluation of chitosan coatings enriched with turmeric and green tea extracts on postharvest preservation of strawberries","volume":"163","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.174","article-title":"Antimicrobial and physical properties of chitosan films incorporated with turmeric extract","volume":"101","author":"Torlak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-021-02610-5","article-title":"Grapefruit Seed Extract as a Natural Food Antimicrobial: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"381","article-title":"Macromolecules chitosan-based composite films with aronia extract, cellulose nanocrystals, and grapefruit seed extract","volume":"213","author":"Oun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira-Santos, P., Genisheva, Z., Botelho, C., Santos, J., Ramos, C., Teixeira, J.A., and Rocha, C.M. (2020). Unravelling the biological potential of Pinus pinaster bark extracts. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040334"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8884","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04129","article-title":"Pinus pinaster knot: A source of polyphenols against Plasmopara viticola","volume":"65","author":"Gabaston","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos, P.A., Pereira, C., Gomes, A.P., Neto, R.T., Almeida, A., Santos, S.A.O., Silva, A.M.S., and Silvestre, A.J. (2022). Chemical characterisation, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L. bark polar extracts: Prospecting forestry by-products as renewable sources of bioactive compounds. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12020784"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, X., Shao, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, Y., Ren, Z., Fu, L., and Zhu, Y. (2023). Antiviral activity of dandelion aqueous extract against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo. Front. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1090398"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.17113\/ftb.60.02.22.7384","article-title":"Microencapsulation of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) Leaf Extract by Spray Drying","volume":"60","author":"Cebin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5530\/pres.20252021","article-title":"Preliminary Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Taraxacum officinale Leaf Extract: An in vitro Study","volume":"17","author":"Fateen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.07.073","article-title":"Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as a source of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and colouring agents","volume":"100","author":"Jabeur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villegas-Aguilar, M.D.C., Leyva-Jim\u00e9nez, F.J., C\u00e1diz-Gurrea, M.D.L.L., Segura-Carretero, A., and Arr\u00e1ez-Rom\u00e1n, D. (2020). Comprehensive analysis of antioxidant compounds from Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa green extracts attained by response surface methodology. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121175"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, S.T., \u0160vajdlenka, E., and Berchov\u00e1-B\u00edmov\u00e1, K. (2017). Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and its bioactive constituents exhibit antiviral activity against HSV-2 and anti-enzymatic properties against urease by an ESI-MS-based assay. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22050722"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janik, M., Khachatryan, K., Khachatryan, G., Krystyjan, M., \u017barska, S., and Ciesielski, W. (2023). Preparation and Characterisation of Acid\u2013Base-Change-Sensitive Binary Biopolymer Films with Olive Oil and Ozonated Olive Oil Nano\/Microcapsules and Added Hibiscus Extract. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411502"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2013.06.002","article-title":"Effect of extraction conditions on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of pretreated wild Peumus boldus leaves from Chile","volume":"92","author":"Soto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.12.059","article-title":"Evaluation of the volatile composition, toxicological and antioxidant potentials of the essential oils and teas of commercial Chilean boldo samples","volume":"124","author":"Mariano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2019.1617797","article-title":"Bioactive volatile fraction of Chilean boldo (Peumus boldus Molina)\u2014An overview","volume":"31","author":"Mariano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.138511","article-title":"Development of novel carboxymethyl cellulose\/gelatin-based edible films with pomegranate peel extract as antibacterial\/antioxidant agents for beef preservation","volume":"443","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109677","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of gelatin-carboxymethylcellulose active film incorporated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract for the preservation of raspberry fruit","volume":"150","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112690","article-title":"Effect of pomegranate peel extract on the storage stability of ground buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) meat","volume":"154","author":"Ghimire","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.121915","article-title":"Free-standing carboxymethyl cellulose film incorporating nanoformulated pomegranate extract for meat packaging","volume":"332","author":"Khalid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112646","article-title":"Impact assessment of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi on phytochemical constituents and nutrient uptake in Gomphrena globosa","volume":"325","author":"Dhalaria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131344","article-title":"Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) peel as a source of valuable molecules: Extraction optimization to recover natural colouring agents","volume":"372","author":"Roriz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/19476337.2022.2125584","article-title":"Phenolic compounds from Gomphrena globosa L.: Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities in vitro","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"CYTA\u2014J. Food"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118914","article-title":"Multifunctional colorimetric cellulose acetate membrane incorporated with Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. anthocyanins and chamomile essential oil","volume":"278","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2010.06.057","article-title":"Development and application of UHPLC-MS\/MS method for the determination of phenolic compounds in Chamomile flowers and Chamomile tea extracts","volume":"82","author":"Mateus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.Y., Ferdinand, V., and Siow, L.F. (2022). Effect of drying methods on yield, physicochemical properties, and total polyphenol content of chamomile extract powder. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1003209"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-023-05727-x","article-title":"Development and characterization of a new active and intelligent packaging system based on soluble soybean polysaccharide-Malva sylvestris extract","volume":"60","author":"Jafarian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-023-02160-8","article-title":"Effect of bio-edible coating based on Lallemantia iberica seed mucilage incorporated with Malva sylvestris leaf bioactive compounds on oxidative stability of turkey meat","volume":"18","author":"Mojarradi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102864","article-title":"A halochromic indicator based on polylactic acid and anthocyanins for visual freshness monitoring of minced meat, chicken fillet, shrimp, and fish roe","volume":"74","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134564","article-title":"Valorization of chestnut processing by-products: A membrane-assisted green strategy for purifying valuable compounds from shells","volume":"378","author":"Conidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1378199","article-title":"Recovery of bioactive molecules from chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by-products through extraction by different solvents","volume":"32","author":"Vella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiocchio, I., Prata, C., Mandrone, M., Ricciardiello, F., Marrazzo, P., Tomasi, P., Angeloni, C., Fiorentini, D., Malaguti, M., and Poli, F. (2020). Leaves and spiny burs of Castanea Sativa from an experimental chestnut grove: Metabolomic analysis and anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Metabolites, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10100408"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.02.003","article-title":"Tannin analysis of chestnut bark samples (Castanea sativa Mill.) by HPLC-DAD\u2013MS","volume":"157","author":"Comandini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110364","article-title":"Castanea sativa shells: A review on phytochemical composition, bioactivity and waste management approaches for industrial valorization","volume":"144","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2017.09.017","article-title":"Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) industrial wastes as a valued bioresource for the production of active ingredients","volume":"64","author":"Squillaci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trezza, A., Geminiani, M., Cutrera, G., Dreassi, E., Frusciante, L., Lamponi, S., Spiga, O., and Santucci, A. (2024). A Drug Discovery Approach to Reveal Novel Antioxidant Natural Source: The Case of Chestnut Burr Biomass. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052517"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbattista, R., Ventura, G., Calvano, C.D., Cataldi, T.R., and Losito, I. (2021). Bioactive compounds in waste by-products from olive oil production: Applications and structural characterization by mass spectrometry techniques. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061236"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1diz-Gurrea, M.D.L.L., Pinto, D., Delerue-Matos, C., and Rodrigues, F. (2021). Olive fruit and leaf wastes as bioactive ingredients for cosmetics\u2014A preliminary study. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020245"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras, M.D.M., G\u00f3mez-Cruz, I., Romero, I., and Castro, E. (2021). Olive pomace-derived biomasses fractionation through a two-step extraction based on the use of ultrasounds: Chemical characteristics. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10010111"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12882","article-title":"Olive byproducts and their bioactive compounds as a valuable source for food packaging applications","volume":"21","author":"Khwaldia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cejudo-Bastante, C., Arjona-Mudarra, P., Fern\u00e1ndez-Ponce, M.T., Casas, L., Mantell, C., Mart\u00ednez de la Ossa, E.J., and Pereyra, C. (2021). Application of a natural antioxidant from grape pomace extract in the development of bioactive jute fibers for food packaging. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020216"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100058","article-title":"Bioactive compounds of winery by-products: Extraction techniques and their potential health benefits","volume":"2","author":"Chakka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136712","article-title":"Application of pressurized liquid extraction to grape by-products as a circular economy model to provide phenolic compounds enriched ingredient","volume":"402","author":"Perra","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mahecha, M., Soto-Valdez, H., Carvajal-Millan, E., Madera-Santana, T.J., Lomel\u00ed-Ram\u00edrez, M.G., and Col\u00edn-Ch\u00e1vez, C. (2023). Bioactive compounds in extracts from the agro-industrial waste of mango. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010458"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenucci, M.S., Tornese, R., Mita, G., and Durante, M. (2022). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in different fractions of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L., cultivar Tommy Atkins and Keitt). Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030484"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ku\u010duk, N., Primo\u017ei\u010d, M., Kotnik, P., Knez, \u017d., and Leitgeb, M. (2024). Mango Peels as an Industrial By-Product: A Sustainable Source of Compounds with Antioxidant, Enzymatic, and Antimicrobial Activity. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13040553"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-024-01729-z","article-title":"Production methods and applications of bioactive polylactic acid: A review","volume":"22","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133332","article-title":"A comprehensive review on starch-based sustainable edible films loaded with bioactive components for food packaging","volume":"274","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.104253","article-title":"Electrospun edible films and coatings: Development, functionality and food applications","volume":"143","author":"Vidal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhary, V., Thakur, N., Kajla, P., Thakur, S., and Punia, S. (2021). Application of encapsulation technology in edible films: Carrier of bioactive compounds. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.734921"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-017-1937-9","article-title":"Supercritical Impregnation of Active Components into Polymers for Food Packaging Applications","volume":"10","author":"Mir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.182","article-title":"Potentials of polysaccharides, lipids and proteins in biodegradable food packaging applications","volume":"183","author":"Amin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2025.101292","article-title":"Bee products in biopolymer films\/coatings: Advancing sustainable active packaging for food preservation","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105325","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products: A review","volume":"70","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2021.124048","article-title":"Design of multifunctional food packaging films based on carboxymethyl chitosan\/polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked network by using citric acid as crosslinker","volume":"230","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doan, N.T., Quan, N.V., Anh, L.H., Duc, N.D., and Xuan, T.D. (2025). Exploring the Potential of Chitosan\u2013Phytochemical Composites in Preventing the Contamination of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria on Food Surfaces: A Review. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30030455"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122445","article-title":"Propolis ethanol extract functionalized chitosan\/Tenebrio molitor larvae protein film for sustainable active food packaging","volume":"343","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biehl, P., and Zhang, K. (2025). Introduction to advances in bio-based polymers: Chemical structures and functional properties at the interface. Green by Design: Harnessing the Power of Bio-Based Polymers at Interfaces, IOP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/978-0-7503-6184-2ch1"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2021.100644","article-title":"Potato peel phenolics as additives for developing active starch-based films with potential to pack smoked fish fillets","volume":"28","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2018.02.064","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and physicochemical characterization of a potato starch-based film containing acetonic and methanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa for use in sausage","volume":"93","year":"2018","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Yin, G., Huang, Y., Li, Y., and Xie, D. (2023). Biodegradable nanofibrillated cellulose\/poly-(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composite film with enhanced barrier properties for food packaging. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062689"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, T., Liang, Y., Luo, T., Li, F., and Tang, Y. (2026). Flexible and Gas-Resistant Films Based on Cellulose Nanofiber and Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). Molecules, 31.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31030464"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.10.064","article-title":"Development of Gracilaria vermiculophylla extract films containing zinc oxide nanoparticles and their application in smoked salmon packaging","volume":"89","author":"Baek","year":"2018","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107763","article-title":"Antifungal packaging of sorbate and benzoate incorporated biodegradable films for fresh noodles","volume":"123","author":"Wangprasertkul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirpoor, S.F., Patan\u00e8, G.T., Corrado, I., Giosafatto, C.V.L., Ginestra, G., Nostro, A., Foti, A., Gucciardi, P.G., Mandalari, G., and Barreca, D. (2023). Functionalization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha)-based bioplastic with phloretin for active food packaging: Characterization of its mechanical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411628"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14121","article-title":"Active chicken meat packaging based on polylactide films and bimetallic Ag\u2013Cu nanoparticles and essential oil","volume":"83","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109027","article-title":"Synergistic effect of UV-C LED irradiation and PLA\/PBAT-based antimicrobial packaging film on fresh-cut vegetables","volume":"138","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.132022","article-title":"Preservation of soy protein-based meat analogues by using PLA\/PBAT antimicrobial packaging film","volume":"380","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100004","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202100004","article-title":"Full bio-based soy protein isolate film enhanced by chicken feather keratin","volume":"306","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111378","article-title":"Pomegranate peel extract\u2013A natural bioactive addition to novel active edible packaging","volume":"156","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kochanska, E., Wozniak, K., Nowaczyk, A., Piedade, P.J., de Almeida Lavorato, M.L., Almeida, A.M., Morais, A.R.C., and Lukasik, R.M. (2022). Global Ban on Plastic and What Next? Are Consumers Ready to Replace Plastic with the Second-Generation Bioplastic? Results of the Snowball Sample Consumer Research in China, Western and Eastern Europe, North America and Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113970"},{"key":"ref_150","unstructured":"(2026, February 25). European Parliament and Council Directive 94\/62\/EC of December 1994 on Packaging and Packaging Waste (OJ L365, 31.12.1994, p. 10\u201323); European Parliament and Council Directive\u201494\/62\u2014EN\u2014EUR-Lex. Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/1994\/62\/2018-07-04."},{"key":"ref_151","unstructured":"(2026, February 25). Regulation (EC) No 1907\/of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 2006 Concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), Establishing a European Chemicals Agency (OJ L136, 29.5.2007, p. 3). Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2006\/1907\/2025-09-01."},{"key":"ref_152","unstructured":"European Commission (2026, February 25). A European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy. EUR-Lex\u201452018DC0028\u2014EN\u2014EUR-Lex. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex:52018DC0028."},{"key":"ref_153","unstructured":"(2026, February 25). Regulation (Eu) No 528\/of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 2012 Concerning the Making Available on the Market and Use of Biocidal Products (OJ L 167 27.6.2012, p. 1\u2013123). Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2012\/528\/2024-06-11."},{"key":"ref_154","unstructured":"(2026, February 25). Regulation (EC) NO 1333\/of The European Parliament and of the Council of December 2008 on Food Additives (OJ L 354, 31.12.2008, pp. 16\u201333). Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2008\/1333\/oj."},{"key":"ref_155","unstructured":"(2026, February 25). Regulation (EC) NO 1935\/of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80\/590\/EEC and 89\/109\/EEC (OJ L 338, 13.11.2004, pp. 4\u201317). Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2004\/1935\/oj."},{"key":"ref_156","unstructured":"(2026, February 25). Commission RegulatioN (EC) NO 450\/2009 of May 2009 on Active and Intelligent Materials and Articles Intended to come into Contact with Food (OJ L 135, 30.5.2009, pp. 3\u201311). Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2009\/450\/oj."},{"key":"ref_157","unstructured":"Sengstschmid, H., Sprong, N., Schmid, O., Stockenbrand, N., Stolz, H., and Spiller, A. (2011). EU Ecolabel for Food and Feed Products\u2013Feasibility Study, Oakdene Hollins."},{"key":"ref_158","unstructured":"(2022). Commission: Directorate-General for Environment, Trinomics, Wageningen and Wood. Biobased Plastic\u2014Sustainable Sourcing and Content\u2014Final Report, Publications Office of the European Union. Available online: https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2779\/668096."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/5\/920\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:15:36Z","timestamp":1772802936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/5\/920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["foods15050920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods15050920","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]}}}