{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:51:22Z","timestamp":1775483482656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2016-75332-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2016-75332-C2-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary sugar has been largely related to the onset of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, among others. The growing awareness on the close relationship between the dietary habits and this health disturbance has encouraged the development of new beverages using alternative sweeteners that could contribute to combat the above referred pathophysiological disorders. To gain further insight into this issue, the present work, upon an acute dietary intervention, evaluated the urinary excretion of flavanones ingested through polyphenols-rich beverages composed of maqui berry and citrus, with the aim of establishing the highest urinary excretion rate and metabolite profiles. The functional beverages evaluated were supplemented with a range of sweeteners including sucrose (natural and high caloric), stevia (natural and non-caloric), and sucralose (artificial and non-caloric) as an approach that would allow reducing the intake of sugars and provide bioactive phenolics (flavanones). The juices developed were ingested by volunteers (n = 20) and the resulting flavanones and their phase II metabolites in urine were analyzed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS\/MS). A total of 16 metabolites were detected: eriodyctiol, naringenin, and homoeriodyctiol derivatives, where peak concentrations were attained 3.5 h after beverage intake. Sucralose and stevia were the sweeteners that provided the highest urinary excretion for most compounds. Sucrose did not provide a remarkable higher elimination through urine of any compounds in comparison with sucralose or stevia. These results propose two alternative sweeteners to sucrose (sucralose and stevia), an overused, high caloric sweetener that promotes some metabolic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9010041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T11:55:07Z","timestamp":1578052507000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Alternative Sweeteners Modify the Urinary Excretion of Flavanones Metabolites Ingested through a New Maqui-Berry Beverage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Vicente","family":"Agull\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Perles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-8764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1463-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Zafrilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jer\u00f3nimos, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Garc\u00eda-Viguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.019","article-title":"Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake","volume":"32","author":"Avena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.05.019","article-title":"Overlap of food addiction and substance use disorders definitions: Analysis of animal and human studies","volume":"85","author":"Fecteau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.03.024","article-title":"Eating dependence and weight gain; no human evidence for a \u2018sugar-addiction\u2019 model of overweight","volume":"114","author":"Markus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.08.026","article-title":"The neurobiological underpinnings of obesity and binge eating: A rationale for adopting the food addiction model","volume":"73","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.2.274","article-title":"Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: A systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Malik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1487","article-title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in African American Women","volume":"168","author":"Palmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.8.927","article-title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Weight Gain, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Young and Middle-Aged Women","volume":"292","author":"Schulze","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.030205","article-title":"Soda consumption and the risk of stroke in men and women","volume":"95","author":"Bernstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.07.010","article-title":"Dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States","volume":"110","author":"Reedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12409","article-title":"Effects of dietary polyphenols on metabolic syndrome features in humans: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Amiot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Cao, H., and Xiao, J. (2018). Polyphenols. Polyphenols: Properties, Recovery, and Applications, Woodhead Publishing.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813572-3.00002-6"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000491556","article-title":"The Importance of the World Health Organization Sugar Guidelines for Dental Health and Obesity Prevention","volume":"53","author":"Breda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6370","article-title":"Evaluation of sensorial, phytochemical and biological properties of new isotonic beverages enriched with lemon and berries during shelf life","volume":"94","author":"Mena","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"26","article-title":"Top 10 Functional Food Trends","volume":"72","author":"Sloan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2012.05.001","article-title":"Fortification of blackcurrant juice with crowberry: Impact on polyphenol composition, urinary phenolic metabolites, and postprandial glycemic response in healthy subjects","volume":"4","author":"McDougall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.004945","article-title":"Hesperidin contributes to the vascular protective effects of orange juice: A randomized crossover study in healthy volunteers","volume":"93","author":"Morand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.06.022","article-title":"Both red and blond orange juice intake decreases the procoagulant activity of whole blood in healthy volunteers","volume":"132","author":"Napoleone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.07.027","article-title":"Natural bioactive compounds of Citrus limon for food and health","volume":"51","author":"Moreno","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2012.01.020","article-title":"A novel beverage rich in antioxidant phenolics: Maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) and lemon juice","volume":"47","author":"Mena","year":"2012","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.07.080","article-title":"Physical activity increases the urinary excretion of flavanones after dietary aronia-citrus juice intake in triathletes","volume":"135","author":"Medina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e9veillon, T., Rota, T., Chauvet, \u00c9., Lecerf, A., and Sentis, A. (2019). Repeatable inter-individual variation in the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate. Oikos, 128.","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.06392"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1276","article-title":"Absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides and quercetin in healthy ileostomy volunteers","volume":"62","author":"Hollman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107786","article-title":"Non-nutritive sweeteners and type 2 diabetes: Should we ring the bell?","volume":"155","author":"Daher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/9\/1\/41\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:28:39Z","timestamp":1760362119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/9\/1\/41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["foods9010041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods9010041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]}}}