{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:54:42Z","timestamp":1773708882167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/04077\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04077\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardoon, Cynara cardunculus L., is a perennial plant whose flowers are used as vegetal rennet in cheese making. Cardoon is native from the Mediterranean area and is commonly used in the preparation of salads and soup dishes. Nowadays, cardoon is also being exploited for the production of energy, generating large amount of wastes, mainly leaves. These wastes are rich in bioactive compounds with important health benefits. The aim of this review is to highlight the main properties of cardoon leaves according to the current research and to explore its potential uses in different sectors, namely the food industry. Cardoon leaves are recognized to have potential health benefits. In fact, some studies indicated that cardoon leaves could have diuretic, hepato-protective, choleretic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-carcinogenic, and antibacterial properties. Most of these properties are due to excellent polyphenol profiles, with interesting antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. These findings indicate that cardoon leaves can have new potential uses in different sectors, such as cosmetics and the food industry; in particular, they can be used for the preparation of extracts to incorporate into active food packaging. In the future, these new uses of cardoon leaves will allow for zero waste of this crop.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9050564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T06:41:20Z","timestamp":1588660880000},"page":"564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A New Insight on Cardoon: Exploring New Uses besides Cheese Making with a View to Zero Waste"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1ssia H.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4297-2241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana A.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9061-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Vilarinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Castanheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEtRICs, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6050-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Rosa","family":"Loizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sanches Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vair\u00e3o, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, February 04). 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