{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:24:13Z","timestamp":1774671853768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)","award":["DOB-BIO10\/03\/01\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOB-BIO10\/03\/01\/2019"]}]},{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)","award":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["DOB-BIO10\/03\/01\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOB-BIO10\/03\/01\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB; and LAQV","award":["DOB-BIO10\/03\/01\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOB-BIO10\/03\/01\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB; and LAQV","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB; and LAQV","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB; and LAQV","award":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB; and LAQV","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB; and LAQV","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forensic Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Forensic microbiology is a subject of interest and research development across the forensic community. Studies of pathogen outbreaks, biocrime or bioterrorism attacks, and analyses of crime scenes fall within this field. Significant progress has been made in evolving DNA sequencing technologies in recent decades. These newly emerged transformative tools have become available to both biomedicine and forensics. Based on the published literature, this review provides an overview of the current trends and developments of NGS (next-generation sequencing) technologies applied to forensic microbiology. These new methods present numerous advantages over traditional sequencing technology and are useful in several practical applications within this forensic field. This article then examines the main challenges and limitations of this technology in forensics, providing a comprehensive review of NGS technology capabilities in expanding the precision and effectiveness of microbial forensic investigations\u2014with the aim of inspiring scientists, forensic experts, lawyers, public health professionals, and policymakers alike to approach this newly powerful sequencing tool appropriately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/forensicsci4040035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T07:54:09Z","timestamp":1728546849000},"page":"523-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sequencing Technologies in Forensic Microbiology: Current Trends and Advancements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO, Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Forensic Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Marsza\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5469-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Frolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyiv Academic University, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4994-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142 P.","family":"\u0141abaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Branicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Forensic Research, 31-033 Krakow, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7569-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1urea","family":"Madureira-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO, Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Forensic Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7331-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Dias","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO, Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Forensic Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-303 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Jorge","family":"Dinis-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO-Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FOREN-Forensic Science Experts, Avenida Dr. M\u00e1rio Moutinho 33-A, 1400-401 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arenas, M., Pereira, F., Oliveira, M., Pinto, N., Lopes, A., Gomes, V., Carracedo, A., and Amorim, A. 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