{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:20:44Z","timestamp":1760059244145,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, FCT","award":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","award":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R371","KFU252097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fractal Fract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Campylobacteriosis has been described as an ever-changing disease and health issue that is rather dangerous for different population groups all over the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 33 million years of healthy living are lost annually, and nearly one in ten persons have foodborne illnesses, including Campylobacteriosis. This explains why there is a need to develop new policies and strategies in the management of diseases at the intergovernmental level. Within this framework, an advanced stochastic fractional delayed model for Campylobacteriosis includes new stochastic, memory, and time delay factors. This model adopts a numerical computational technique called the Grunwald\u2013Letnikov-based Nonstandard Finite Difference (GL-NSFD) scheme, which yields an exponential fitted solution that is non-negative and uniformly bounded, which are essential characteristics when working with compartmental models in epidemic research. Two equilibrium states are identified: the first is an infectious Campylobacteriosis-free state, and the second is a Campylobacteriosis-present state. When stability analysis with the help of the basic reproduction number R0 is performed, the stability of both equilibrium points depends on the R0 value. This is in concordance with the actual epidemiological data and the research conducted by the WHO in recent years, with a focus on the tendency to increase the rate of infections and the necessity to intervene in time. The model goes further to analyze how a delay in response affects the band of Campylobacteriosis spread, and also agrees that a delay in response is a significant factor. The first simulations of the current state of the system suggest that certain conditions can be achieved, and the eradication of the disease is possible if specific precautions are taken. The outcomes also indicate that enhancing the levels of compliance with the WHO-endorsed SOPs by a significant margin can lower infection rates significantly, which can serve as a roadmap to respond to this public health threat. Unlike most analytical papers, this research contributes actual findings and provides useful recommendations for disease management approaches and policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fractalfract9060358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1748512054000},"page":"358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design of Non-Standard Finite Difference and Dynamical Consistent Approximation of Campylobacteriosis Epidemic Model with Memory Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6443-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Raza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, The University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"},{"name":"Center for Research in Mathematics and Applications (CIMA), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (IIFA), University of \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7485-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feliz","family":"Minh\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Mathematics and Applications (CIMA), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (IIFA), University of \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6472-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umar","family":"Shafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore 54660, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9401-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad","family":"Fadhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics & Statistics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wafa F.","family":"Alfwzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8843299","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8843299","article-title":"Modelling the dynamics of campylobacteriosis using non finite difference approach with optimal control","volume":"2020","author":"Osman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Math. 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