{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:20:46Z","timestamp":1770726046051,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["10.54499\/UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.54499\/UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fractal Fract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we apply Gr\u00fcnwald\u2013Letnikov-type fractional-order calculus to simulate the growth of Serbia\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP). We also compare the fractional-order model\u2019s results with those of a similar integer-order model. The significance of variables is assessed by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The research demonstrates that the Gr\u00fcnwald\u2013Letnikov fractional-order model provides a more accurate representation compared to the standard integer-order model and performs very accurately in predicting GDP values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fractalfract9060384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T09:51:22Z","timestamp":1750067482000},"page":"384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Application of Fractional Calculus in Modeling Economic Growth in Serbia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6658-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enes","family":"Kacapor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9388-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Val\u00e9rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8098-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ljubivoje","family":"Radonjic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Oldham, K.B., and Spanier, J. 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