{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:34:41Z","timestamp":1772159681818,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CICS-UBI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CICS-UBI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing demand for highly pure biopharmaceuticals has put significant pressure on the biotechnological industry to innovate in production and purification processes. Nucleic acid purification, crucial for gene therapy and vaccine production, presents challenges due to the unique physical and chemical properties of these molecules. Meeting regulatory standards necessitates large quantities of biotherapeutic agents of high purity. While conventional chromatography offers versatility and efficiency, it suffers from drawbacks like low flow rates and binding capacity, as well as high mass transfer resistance. Recent advancements in continuous beds, including monoliths and cryogel-based systems, have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. This review explores and evaluates the latest progress in chromatography utilizing monolithic and cryogenic supports for nucleic acid purification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10030198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T04:47:05Z","timestamp":1710478025000},"page":"198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cryogels and Monoliths: Promising Tools for Chromatographic Purification of Nucleic Acids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas de \u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marco \u00c2.","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas de \u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas de \u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima Milhano","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7256-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Boto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas de \u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0927-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e2ndida Teixeira","family":"Tomaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas de \u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.09.010","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Current Status and Prospects for Drug and Vaccine Development","volume":"52","author":"Ita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. 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