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Mar","award":["UIDB\/04029\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04029\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transition from fossil fuels is in part limited by our inability to store energy at different scales. Batteries are therefore in high demand, and we need them to store more energy, be more reliable, durable and have less social and environmental impact. Silica-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite aerogels doped with sodium perchlorate were synthesized as novel electrolytes for potential application in solid-state sodium batteries. The aerogels, synthesized by one-pot synthesis, are light (up to 214 kg m\u22123), porous (~85%), exhibit reduced shrinkage on drying (up to 12%) and a typical silica aerogel microstructure. The formation of a silica network and the presence of PVA and sodium perchlorate in the composite were confirmed by FTIR and TGA. The XRD analysis also shows that a predominantly amorphous structure is obtained, as crystalline phases of polymer and salt are present in a very reduced amount. The effects of increasing polymer and sodium salt concentrations on the ionic conductivity, assessed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were studied. At a PVA concentration of 15% (w\/w silica precursors), the sodium conduction improved significantly up to (1.1 \u00b1 0.3) \u00d7 10\u22125 S cm\u22121. Thus, this novel material has promising properties for the envisaged application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10050293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T05:26:13Z","timestamp":1714022773000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Silica-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Aerogel: A Promising Electrolyte for Solid-State Sodium Batteries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1025-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Vareda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Clotilde","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina Faria","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0400-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Dora Rodrigues","family":"Pontinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, ISISE, ARISE, Department of Civil Engineering, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"SeaPower, <i>Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Para o Desenvolvimento da Economia do Mar<\/i>, Rua Das Ac\u00e1cias, N\u00ba 40A, Parque Industrial da Figueira Da Foz, 3090-380 Figueira Da Foz, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202100108","article-title":"Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for All-Solid-State Batteries: Theory, Methods and Future Outlook","volume":"8","author":"Vadhva","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemElectroChem"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2020.00111","article-title":"Fundamentals of Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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