{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:15:37Z","timestamp":1762254937382,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"]}]},{"name":"IBEROS+","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"]}]},{"name":"INOV.AM\u2013Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o Aditiva","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"]}]},{"name":"BE@T\u2013Bioeconomy for Textiles and Apparel","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020","LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)","UIDB\/00511\/2020","UIDB\/04044\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","03\/C16-i03\/2022-768","2022.10564.PTDC","UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)","UIDP\/04044\/2020","0072_IBEROS_MAIS_1_E","Interreg-POCTEP 2021\u20132027","02-C05-i01.01-2022","PC644865234-00000004","2020.08683.BD","TC-C12-i01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silk proteins have been highlighted in the past decade for tissue engineering (TE) and skin regeneration due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and exceptional mechanical properties. While silk fibroin (SF) has high structural and mechanical stability with high potential as an external protective layer, traditionally discarded sericin (SS) has shown great potential as a natural-based hydrogel, promoting cell\u2013cell interactions, making it an ideal material for direct wound contact. In this context, the present study proposes a new wound dressing approach by developing an SS\/SF bilayer construct for full-thickness exudative wounds. The processing methodology implemented included an innovation element and the cryopreservation of the SS intrinsic secondary structure, followed by rehydration to produce a hydrogel layer, which was integrated with a salt-leached SF scaffold to produce a bilayer structure. In addition, a sterilization protocol was developed using supercritical technology (sCO2) to allow an industrial scale-up. The resulting bilayer material presented high porosity (&gt;85%) and interconnectivity while promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and infiltration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). SS and SF exhibit distinct secondary structures, pore sizes, and swelling properties, opening new possibilities for dual-phased systems that accommodate the different needs of a wound during the healing process. The innovative SS hydrogel layer highlights the transformative potential of the proposed bilayer system for biomedical therapeutics and TE, offering insights into novel wound dressing fabrication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10070439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:14:46Z","timestamp":1719828886000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Streamlining Skin Regeneration: A Ready-To-Use Silk Bilayer Wound Dressing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5677-9629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Veiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas V.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7079-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana R.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno M.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8012-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3679-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana P.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.56367\/OAG-038-10647","article-title":"Cutaneous chronic wounds: A worldwide silent epidemic","volume":"38","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Access Gov."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlottmann, F., Bucan, V., Vogt, P.M., and Krezdorn, N. (2021). A short history of skin grafting in burns: From the gold standard of autologous skin grafting to the possibilities of allogeneic skin grafting with immunomodulatory approaches. Medicina, 57.","key":"ref_2","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57030225"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14056","article-title":"Mechanical and contact characteristics of foam materials within wound dressings: Theoretical and practical considerations in treatment","volume":"20","author":"Gefen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kami\u0144ska, M.S., Cybulska, A.M., Skonieczna-\u017bydecka, K., Augustyniuk, K., Grochans, E., and Karakiewicz, B. (2020). Effectiveness of Hydrocolloid Dressings for Treating Pressure Ulcers in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","key":"ref_4","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217881"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08234D","article-title":"Wound dressings functionalized with silver nanoparticles: Promises and pitfalls","volume":"12","author":"Kalantari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2002.11.5.26395","article-title":"Insight into the development of non-adherent, absorbent dressings","volume":"11","author":"Rajendran","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0401","article-title":"Wound Dressings and Comparative Effectiveness Data","volume":"3","author":"Sood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luneva, O., Olekhnovich, R., and Uspenskaya, M. (2022). Bilayer Hydrogels for Wound Dressing and Tissue Engineering. Polymers, 14.","key":"ref_8","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14153135"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.587.245","article-title":"Silk fibroin\/cano-CaP bilayered scaffolds for osteochondral Tissue Engineering","volume":"587","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrews, K.L., Derby, K.M., Jacobson, T.M., Sievers, B.A., and Kiemele, L.J. (2021). Prevention and Management of Chronic Wounds. Braddom\u2019s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Elsevier.","key":"ref_10","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-62539-5.00024-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wietlisbach, C.M. (2020). Wound Care. Cooper\u2019s Fundamentals of Hand Therapy, Elsevier.","key":"ref_11","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-52479-7.00017-X"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6596","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6596","article-title":"Anaphylaxis induced by intra-articular injection of chitosan: A case report and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-010-9547-0","article-title":"Rheological Evaluation of Inter-grade and Inter-batch Variability of Sodium Alginate","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.10.028","article-title":"Antimicrobial hydrogels: A new weapon in the arsenal against multidrug-resistant infections","volume":"78","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2012.0338","article-title":"Plant-Derived Human Collagen Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering","volume":"19","author":"Willard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32856","article-title":"Preparation and properties of tannic acid cross-linked collagen scaffold and its application in wound healing","volume":"101B","author":"Natarajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1039\/C4BM00370E","article-title":"Evaluation of dense collagen matrices as medicated wound dressing for the treatment of cutaneous chronic wounds","volume":"3","author":"Helary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59931-2","article-title":"A Novel Bilayer Wound Dressing Composed of a Dense Polyurethane\/Propolis Membrane and a Biodegradable Polycaprolactone\/Gelatin Nanofibrous Scaffold","volume":"10","author":"Eskandarinia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/206871","article-title":"Randomized Clinical Trial of the Innovative Bilayered Wound Dressing Made of Silk and Gelatin: Safety and Efficacy Tests Using a Split-Thickness Skin Graft Model","volume":"2015","author":"Hasatsri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.04.008","article-title":"Drug delivery systems and materials for wound healing applications","volume":"127","author":"Saghazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakipoglu, M., \u00d6zkabaday\u0131, Y., Karahan, S., and Tezcaner, A. (2024). Bilayer wound dressing composed of asymmetric polycaprolactone membrane and chitosan-carrageenan hydrogel incorporating storax balsam. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 254.","key":"ref_21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128020"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H.-L., and ZhuGe, D.-L. (2021). Silk fibroin nanomaterials. Biopolymeric Nanomaterials, Elsevier.","key":"ref_22","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-824364-0.00016-2"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9069924","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9069924","article-title":"Silk Fibroin: A Promising Tool for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration","volume":"2021","author":"Vidya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2022.100889","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of sericin recovery from silk degumming wastewaters","volume":"30","author":"Capar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11052200","article-title":"The Effect of Sericin from Various Extraction Methods on Cell Viability and Collagen Production","volume":"11","author":"Aramwit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, S., Sakiragaoglu, O., and Chirila, T.V. (2022). Study of the Antioxidative Effects of Bombyx mori Silk Sericin in Cultures of Murine Retinal Photoreceptor Cells. Molecules, 27.","key":"ref_26","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144635"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20090186","article-title":"Properties and antityrosinase activity of sericin from various extraction methods","volume":"55","author":"Aramwit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154369","article-title":"Regulatory effect of sericin protein in inflammatory pathways; A comprehensive review","volume":"243","author":"Rahimpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1163\/156856209X426853","article-title":"Sulfated sericin is a novel anticoagulant influencing the blood coagulation cascade","volume":"20","author":"Sano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602012000100006","article-title":"Effects of silk sericin on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells","volume":"45","author":"Kaewkorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javali, U.C., Padaki, N.V., Das, B., and Malali, K.B. (2015). Developments in the use of silk by-products and silk waste. Advances in Silk Science and Technology, Elsevier.","key":"ref_31","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-78242-311-9.00013-6"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.316","article-title":"Silk fibroin\/sericin 3D sponges: The effect of sericin on structural and biological properties of fibroin","volume":"153","author":"Siavashani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baptista-Silva, S., Bernardes, B.G., Borges, S., Rodrigues, I., Fernandes, R., Gomes-Guerreiro, S., Pinto, M.T., Pintado, M., Soares, R., and Costa, R. (2022). Exploring Silk Sericin for Diabetic Wounds: An In Situ-Forming Hydrogel to Protect against Oxidative Stress and Improve Tissue Healing and Regeneration. Biomolecules, 12.","key":"ref_33","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12060801"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2019.107940","article-title":"Bioinspired design of AgNPs embedded silk sericin-based sponges for efficiently combating bacteria and promoting wound healing","volume":"180","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2005.12.033","article-title":"Effective terminal sterilization using supercritical carbon dioxide","volume":"123","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34398","article-title":"A new era for sterilization based on supercritical CO2 technology","volume":"108","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120801","article-title":"Supercritical CO2 technology for one-pot foaming and sterilization of polymeric scaffolds for bone regeneration","volume":"605","author":"Starbird","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, V.P., Costa, J.B., Carneiro, S.M., Pina, S., Veloso, A.C.A., Reis, R.L., and Oliveira, J.M. (2022). Bioinspired Silk Fibroin-Based Composite Grafts as Bone Tunnel Fillers for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Pharmaceutics, 14.","key":"ref_38","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040697"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b21259","article-title":"Enzymatically Cross-Linked Silk Fibroin-Based Hierarchical Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haris, P.I. (2013). Infrared Spectroscopy of Protein Structure. Encyclopedia of Biophysics, Springer.","key":"ref_40","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16712-6_135"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4949","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.3c00391","article-title":"True Origin of Amide I Shifts Observed in Protein Spectra Obtained with Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy","volume":"14","author":"Chiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2020.106916","article-title":"Influence of metal oxide nanoparticles on morphological, structural, rheological and conductive properties of mulberry silk fibroin nanocomposite solutions","volume":"93","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37498","article-title":"High porosity PEG-based hydrogel foams with self-tuning moisture balance as chronic wound dressings","volume":"111","author":"Lan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.041","article-title":"Silk fibroin and silk-based biomaterial derivatives for ideal wound dressings","volume":"164","author":"Patil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2022.104109","article-title":"A review of preparation methods of porous skin tissue engineering scaffolds","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24596","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24596","article-title":"Controlled water vapor transmission rate promotes wound-healing via wound re-epithelialization and contraction enhancement","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.3.933","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of a model extracellular matrix that induces partial regeneration of adult mammalian skin","volume":"86","author":"Yannas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820200811","article-title":"Collagen-based wound dressings: Control of the pore structure and morphology","volume":"20","author":"Doillon","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.04.001","article-title":"Microstructured templates for directed growth and vascularization of soft tissue in vivo","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2005.03.013","article-title":"Preparation of porcine small intestinal submucosa sponge and their application as a wound dressing in full-thickness skin defect of rat","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunz, R.I., Brancalh\u00e3o, R.M.C., Ribeiro, L.d.F.C., and Natali, M.R.M. (2016). Silkworm sericin: Properties and biomedical applications. BioMed Res. Int., 2016.","key":"ref_51","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8175701"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy, N., and Aramwit, P. (2021). Sustainable Uses of Byproducts from Silk Processing, Wiley. [1st ed.].","key":"ref_52","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527828760"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s41779-023-00909-4","article-title":"Silk sericin-hydroxyapatite nanoribbons toward structurally stable osteogenic scaffolds","volume":"59","author":"Tosun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Aust. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-8-303","article-title":"A novel approach to fabricate silk nanofibers containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using a three-way stopcock connector","volume":"8","author":"Sheikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01745","article-title":"In Situ Forming Silk Sericin-Based Hydrogel: A Novel Wound Healing Biomaterial","volume":"7","author":"Borges","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkac024","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkac024","article-title":"Commercial wound dressings for the treatment of exuding wounds: An in-depth physico-chemical comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Minsart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Burn. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.09.017","article-title":"Curcumin-loaded electrospun PHBV nanofibers as potential wound-dressing material","volume":"43","author":"Mutlu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.028","article-title":"Degradable conductive injectable hydrogels as novel antibacterial, anti-oxidant wound dressings for wound healing","volume":"362","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7544.777","article-title":"Wound dressings","volume":"332","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0173","article-title":"How Should Clinical Wound Care and Management Translate to Effective Engineering Standard Testing Requirements from Foam Dressings? Mapping the Existing Gaps and Needs","volume":"13","author":"Gefen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"unstructured":"Beer, F.P. (2011). Mechanics of Materials, McGraw-Hill.","key":"ref_61"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2478\/s13531-012-0026-0","article-title":"An investigation on low-velocity impact response of elastomeric & crushable foams","volume":"2","author":"Sadighi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2005.14.9.26831","article-title":"Evaluating dressing materials for the prevention of shear force in the treatment of pressure ulcers","volume":"14","author":"Ohura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhivya, S., Padma, V.V., and Santhini, E. (2015). Wound dressings\u2014A review. BioMedicine, 5.","key":"ref_64","DOI":"10.7603\/s40681-015-0022-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eskandarinia, A., Morowvat, M.H., Niknezhad, S.V., Baghbadorani, M.A., Mich\u00e1lek, M., Chen, S., Nemati, M.M., Negahdaripour, M., Heidari, R., and Azadi, A. (2024). A photocrosslinkable and hemostatic bilayer wound dressing based on gelatin methacrylate hydrogel and polyvinyl alcohol foam for skin regeneration. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 266.","key":"ref_65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131231"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Zhang, H., Zhou, Y., Yu, Z., Yuan, H., Feng, B., van Rijn, P., and Zhang, Y. (2017). Alkali-Mediated Miscibility of Gelatin\/Polycaprolactone for Electrospinning Homogeneous Composite Nanofibers for Tissue Scaffolding. Macromol. Biosci., 17.","key":"ref_66","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201700268"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.061","article-title":"Multilayered 3-D nanofibrous scaffold with chondroitin sulfate sustained release as dermal substitute","volume":"206","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34692","article-title":"Harnessing electrospun nanofibers to recapitulate hierarchical fibrous structures of meniscus","volume":"109","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2226","article-title":"Core-shell silk hydrogels with spatially tuned conformations as drug-delivery system","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00241","article-title":"A Biomimetic Macroporous Hybrid Scaffold with Sustained Drug Delivery for Enhanced Bone Regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.04.025","article-title":"Electrospun silk fibroin fibers for storage and controlled release of human platelet lysate","volume":"73","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1163\/092050609X12517858243706","article-title":"In Vitro and In Vivo Release of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Using a Silk Fibroin Scaffold as Delivery Carrier","volume":"21","author":"Wongpanit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.210","article-title":"A poloxamer\/hyaluronic acid\/chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel that releases dihydromyricetin to promote wound healing","volume":"216","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-022-4066-7","article-title":"A Robust Sericin Hydrogel Formed by a Native Sericin from Silkworm Bodies","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, C., Liang, J., Fang, H., Meng, X., Chen, J., Zhong, Z., Liu, Q., Hu, H., and Zhang, X. (2021). Fabrication and Evaluation of Silk Sericin-Derived Hydrogel for the Release of the Model Drug Berberine. Gels, 7.","key":"ref_75","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7010023"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6411","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b00959","article-title":"Sericin\/Dextran Injectable Hydrogel as an Optically Trackable Drug Delivery System for Malignant Melanoma Treatment","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharma.2020.06.005","article-title":"Pharmaceutical applications of silk sericin","volume":"78","author":"Shitole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm. Fr."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, C., Wang, C., Liu, H., Li, Q., Li, R., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Shao, Y., and Wang, J. (2020). Selection of Appropriate Wound Dressing for Various Wounds. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 8.","key":"ref_78","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00182"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101292","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101292","article-title":"Multifunctional Dressing for Wound Diagnosis and Rehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Health Mater."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-011-9641-y","article-title":"The effect of sterilization methods on the physical properties of silk sericin scaffolds","volume":"12","author":"Siritientong","year":"2011","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J. (2022). Silk sericin-based materials for biomedical applications. Biomaterials, 287.","key":"ref_81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121638"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2019.106016","article-title":"A sterile self-assembled sericin hydrogel via a simple two-step process","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00145","article-title":"Sudan Black B Pretreatment to Suppress Autofluorescence in Silk Fibroin Scaffolds","volume":"9","author":"Foster","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.10.077","article-title":"Novel bilayer wound dressing composed of silicone rubber with particular micropores enhanced wound re-epithelialization and contraction","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"112667","article-title":"An in vitro and in vivo study of PCL\/chitosan electrospun mat on polyurethane\/propolis foam as a bilayer wound dressing","volume":"135","author":"Karizmeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.14402\/jkamprs.2014.36.6.280","article-title":"Effectiveness of Woven Silk Dressing Materials on Full-skin Thickness Burn Wounds in Rat Model","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maxillofac. Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700121","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201700121","article-title":"Silk Fibroin Biomaterial Shows Safe and Effective Wound Healing in Animal Models and a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Health Mater."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.08.026","article-title":"Regulating the mechanics of silk fibroin scaffolds promotes wound vascularization","volume":"574","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204173141455166","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731414551661","article-title":"Electrospun silk fibroin fiber diameter influences in vitro dermal fibroblast behavior and promotes healing of ex vivo wound models","volume":"5","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2023.111604","article-title":"Construction and function of robust and moist bilayer chitosan-based hydrogel wound dressing","volume":"226","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.06.046","article-title":"An innovative bi-layered wound dressing made of silk and gelatin for accelerated wound healing","volume":"436","author":"Kanokpanont","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.04.021","article-title":"The use of physical hydrogels of chitosan for skin regeneration following third-degree burns","volume":"28","author":"Boucard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200190","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20200190","article-title":"Consideration for the scale-up manufacture of nanotherapeutics\u2014A critical step for technology transfer","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"VIEW"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Huang, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhang, Z., Shi, X., and Qin, H. (2021). Effects of Lyophilization on the Release Profiles of 3D Printed Delivery Systems Fabricated with Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel. Polymers, 13.","key":"ref_94","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13050749"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.03.047","article-title":"Combinatory approach for developing silk fibroin scaffolds for cartilage regeneration","volume":"72","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, J.B., Silva-Correia, J., Oliveira, J.M., and Reis, R.L. (2017). Fast Setting Silk Fibroin Bioink for Bioprinting of Patient-Specific Memory-Shape Implants. Adv. Health Mater., 6.","key":"ref_96","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201701021"},{"unstructured":"Soare, G.C., Silva, M., da Silva, S.B., Learmonth, D.A., Vallejo, M., Sousa, R.A., and Oliveira, A.L. (2017, January 25\u201328). New Insights on Biopolymer Sterilization Using Supercritical CO2 Technology. Proceedings of the 16th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, Lisbon, Portugal. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327463494_New_Insights_on_Biopolymer_Sterilization_Using_Supercritical_CO2_Technology.","key":"ref_97"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veiga, A., Magalh\u00e3es, R., Duarte, M.M., Dias, J.R., Alves, N.M., Costa-Pinto, A.R., Castro, F., Rocha, F., and Oliveira, A.L. (2022). Continuous Production of Highly Tuned Silk\/Calcium-Based Composites: Exploring New Pathways for Skin Regeneration. Molecules, 27.","key":"ref_98","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072249"}],"container-title":["Gels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/10\/7\/439\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:08:26Z","timestamp":1760108906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/10\/7\/439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["gels10070439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels10070439","relation":{},"ISSN":["2310-2861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2310-2861"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]}}}