{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T06:26:50Z","timestamp":1763706410768,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29593\/2017","CQE\u2014UIDB\/00100\/2020","UIDP\/00100\/2020","IMS\u2014LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PD\/BD\/128140\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29593\/2017","CQE\u2014UIDB\/00100\/2020","UIDP\/00100\/2020","IMS\u2014LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PD\/BD\/128140\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29593\/2017","CQE\u2014UIDB\/00100\/2020","UIDP\/00100\/2020","IMS\u2014LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PD\/BD\/128140\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29593\/2017","CQE\u2014UIDB\/00100\/2020","UIDP\/00100\/2020","IMS\u2014LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PD\/BD\/128140\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29593\/2017","CQE\u2014UIDB\/00100\/2020","UIDP\/00100\/2020","IMS\u2014LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PD\/BD\/128140\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTM-CTM\/29593\/2017","CQE\u2014UIDB\/00100\/2020","UIDP\/00100\/2020","IMS\u2014LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PD\/BD\/128140\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Articular cartilage (AC) degradation is a recurrent pathology that affects millions of people worldwide. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have been widely explored for AC replacement. However, their mechanical performance is generally inadequate, and these materials need to be reinforced. Moreover, to be used in a clinical setting, such materials must undergo effective sterilisation. In this work, a PVA hydrogel reinforced with poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) nanofibres was submitted to three non-conventional sterilisation methods: microwave (MW), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), and plasma (PM), in order to evaluate their impact on the properties of the material. Sterilisation was achieved in all cases. Properties such as water content and hydrophilicity were not affected. FTIR analysis indicated some changes in crystallinity and\/or crosslinking in all cases. MW was revealed to be the most suitable method, since, unlike to PM and HHP, it led to a general improvement of the materials\u2019 properties: increasing the hardness, stiffness (both in tensile and compression), and shear modulus, and also leading to a decrease in the coefficient of friction against porcine cartilage. Furthermore, the samples remained non-irritant and non-cytotoxic. Moreover, this method allows terminal sterilisation in a short time (3 min) and using accessible equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8100640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T20:49:31Z","timestamp":1665348571000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Non-Conventional Sterilisation Methods on PBO-Reinforced PVA Hydrogels for Cartilage Replacement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-696X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia Sofia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica (IDMEC), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Clara","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5668-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Salema-Oom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lio G.","family":"Figueiredo-Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CDP2T, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Set\u00fabal, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"CeFEMA, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0102-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6179-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Serro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v013a03","article-title":"A Model of Synovial Fluid Lubricant Composition in Normal and Injured Joints","volume":"13","author":"Blewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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