{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:29:40Z","timestamp":1773026980306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FCT for the PhD Fellowship","award":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT for the PhD Fellowship","award":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT for the PhD Fellowship","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT for the PhD Fellowship","award":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"]}]},{"name":"hD Fellowship","award":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"hD Fellowship","award":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"]}]},{"name":"hD Fellowship","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"]}]},{"name":"hD Fellowship","award":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FCT through Est\u00edmulo Individual ao Emprego Cient\u00edfico","award":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04138\/2020, UIDP\/04138\/2020, UIDB\/00645\/2020, UIDB\/00100\/2020 and UIDP\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT through Est\u00edmulo Individual ao Emprego Cient\u00edfico","award":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/05377\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT through Est\u00edmulo Individual ao Emprego Cient\u00edfico","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147306\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT through Est\u00edmulo Individual ao Emprego Cient\u00edfico","award":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00394\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Presently, skin burns are considered one of the main public health problems and lack therapeutic options. In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely studied, playing an increasingly important role in wound healing due to their antibacterial activity. This work is focused on the production and characterization of AgNPs loaded in a Pluronic\u00ae F127 hydrogel, as well as assessing its antimicrobial and wound-healing potential. Pluronic\u00ae F127 has been extensively explored for therapeutic applications mainly due to its appealing properties. The developed AgNPs had an average size of 48.04 \u00b1 14.87 nm (when prepared by method C) and a negative surface charge. Macroscopically, the AgNPs solution presented a translucent yellow coloration with a characteristic absorption peak at 407 nm. Microscopically, the AgNPs presented a multiform morphology with small sizes (~50 nm). Skin permeation studies revealed that no AgNPs permeated the skin after 24 h. AgNPs further demonstrated antimicrobial activity against different bacterial species predominant in burns. A chemical burn model was developed to perform preliminary in vivo assays and the results showed that the performance of the developed AgNPs loaded in hydrogel, with smaller silver dose, was comparable with a commercial silver cream using higher doses. In conclusion, hydrogel-loaded AgNPs is potentially an important resource in the treatment of skin burns due to their proven efficacy by topical administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9030200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T01:43:35Z","timestamp":1678153415000},"page":"200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pluronic\u00ae F127 Hydrogel Containing Silver Nanoparticles in Skin Burn Regeneration: An Experimental Approach from Fundamental to Translational Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Francisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4526-2157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Neves Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Afonso","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Ferreira-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8405-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Catarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Luso\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3922-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fa\u00edsca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Luso\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Perdig\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ad\u00edlia J.","family":"Charmier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DREAMS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Manuela","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1046-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina Pinto","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927613000536","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of a Novel Topical Treatment for Acne with Azelaic Acid-Loaded Nanoparticles","volume":"19","author":"Reis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x","article-title":"The skin: An indispensable barrier","volume":"17","author":"Proksch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08234D","article-title":"Wound dressings functionalized with silver nanoparticles: Promises and pitfalls","volume":"12","author":"Kalantari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.07.078","article-title":"Broad overview of engineering of functional nanosystems for skin delivery","volume":"532","author":"Mota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391860-4.00014-8","article-title":"Nanotechnology as a Promising Strategy for Alternative Routes of Insulin Delivery","volume":"508","author":"Reis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2011.097","article-title":"Use of Silver in the Prevention and Treatment of Infections: Silver Review","volume":"14","author":"Politano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg. Infect."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-8939-z","article-title":"Wound healing applications of biogenic colloidal silver and gold nanoparticles: Recent trends and future prospects","volume":"102","author":"Ovais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guillamat-Prats, R. (2021). The Role of MSC in Wound Healing, Scarring and Regeneration. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071729"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quit\u00e9rio, M., Sim\u00f5es, S., Ascenso, A., Carvalheiro, M., Leandro, A.P., Correia, I., Viana, A.S., Fa\u00edsca, P., Ascens\u00e3o, L., and Molpeceres, J. (2021). Development of a Topical Insulin Polymeric Nanoformulation for Skin Burn Regeneration: An Experimental Approach. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084087"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1807442","article-title":"Management of Burns","volume":"380","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000339613","article-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration","volume":"49","author":"Reinke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12632","article-title":"The skin microbiome of wound scars and unaffected skin in patients with moderate to severe burns in the subacute phase","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Abraham, J.P., Plourde, B.D., Vallez, L.J., Nelson-Cheeseman, B.B., Stark, J.R., Sparrow, E.M., and Gorman, J.M. (2018). Theory and Applications of Heat Transfer in Humans, John Wiley & Sons Ltd."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman, G., Christie, J., Liu, Z., Westby, M.J., Jefferies, J.M., Hudson, T., Edwards, J., Mohapatra, D.P., Hassan, I.A., and Dumville, J.C. (2017). Antiseptics for burns. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 7.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011821.pub2"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkaa047","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkaa047","article-title":"The pathogenesis and diagnosis of sepsis post burn injury","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Burn. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13288","article-title":"The wound\/burn guidelines\u20146: Guidelines for the management of burns","volume":"43","author":"Yoshino","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.06.020","article-title":"ISBI Practice Guidelines for Burn Care","volume":"42","author":"Ahuja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Wiktor, A., Richards, D., and Torrey, S.B. (2023, March 02). Treatment of Minor thermal Burns. Available online: https:\/\/www.medilib.ir\/uptodate\/show\/349."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"25","article-title":"Outpatient burns: Prevention and care","volume":"85","author":"Lloyd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2018.301","article-title":"Infection Prevention: Unique Aspects of Burn Units","volume":"20","author":"Palmieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg. Infect."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2017.26.1.5","article-title":"Burn wound healing: Present concepts, treatment strategies and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Oryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2390","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002390","article-title":"Silver in Wound Care\u2014Friend or Foe? A Comprehensive Review","volume":"7","author":"Khansa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg.\u2014Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negut, I., Grumezescu, V., and Grumezescu, A. (2018). Treatment Strategies for Infected Wounds. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092392"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2003.09.030","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxity of silver: Implication for clinical wound care","volume":"30","author":"Poon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2010.04.008","article-title":"Synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles","volume":"3","author":"Eftaiha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Reis, C.P., Neufeld, R.J., Veiga, F., and Ribeirod, A.J. (2017). Nanomedicine in Cancer, Pan Stanford."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.06.007","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201cThe influence of Citrate or PEG coating on silver nanoparticle toxicity to a human keratinocyte cell line\u201d [Toxicol. Lett. 249 (2016) 29\u201341]","volume":"257","author":"Bastos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Matteis, V., Cascione, M., Toma, C., and Leporatti, S. (2018). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthetic Routes, In Vitro Toxicity and Theranostic Applications for Cancer Disease. Nanomaterials, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8050319"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.879849","article-title":"Metal nanoparticles: The protective nanoshield against virus infection","volume":"42","author":"Rai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16012099","article-title":"Antimicrobial Polymers with Metal Nanoparticles","volume":"16","author":"Palza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, C., Li, Y., and Tjong, S. (2019). Bactericidal and Cytotoxic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020449"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., and Jun, B.-H. (2019). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Application for Nanomedicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040865"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X.-F., Liu, Z.-G., Shen, W., and Gurunathan, S. (2016). Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091534"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadinoiu, A.N., Rata, D.M., Daraba, O.M., Ichim, D.L., Popescu, I., Solcan, C., and Solcan, G. (2022). Silver Nanoparticles Biocomposite Films with Antimicrobial Activity: In Vitro and In Vivo Tests. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810671"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Musawi, S., Albukhaty, S., Al-Karagoly, H., Sulaiman, G.M., Alwahibi, M.S., Dewir, Y.H., Soliman, D.A., and Rizwana, H. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Honey\/Chitosan Nanofibers Loaded with Capsaicin and Gold Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204770"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihai, M.M., Dima, M.B., Dima, B., and Holban, A.M. (2019). Nanomaterials for Wound Healing and Infection Control. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12132176"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruna, T., Maldonado-Bravo, F., Jara, P., and Caro, N. (2021). Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137202"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5772\/60918","article-title":"The Application of Bactericidal Silver Nanoparticles in Wound Treatment","volume":"5","author":"Nam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomater. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1039\/c0md00069h","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles\u2014The real \u201csilver bullet\u201d in clinical medicine?","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medchemcomm"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1021\/ie1024408","article-title":"Temperature Responsive Gels Based on Pluronic F127 and Poly (vinyl alcohol)","volume":"50","author":"Bercea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.11.030","article-title":"Thermosensitive hydrogels of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)\u2014Pluronic\u00ae F127 copolymers for controlled protein release","volume":"459","author":"Moreno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.194","article-title":"Effect of gellan gum on the thermogelation property and drug release profile of Poloxamer 407 based ophthalmic formulation","volume":"102","author":"Dewan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miastkowska, M., Kulawik-Pi\u00f3ro, A., and Szczurek, M. (2020). Nanoemulsion Gel Formulation Optimization for Burn Wounds: Analysis of Rheological and Sensory Properties. Processes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8111416"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2017.064","article-title":"Cross-linked hydrogel for pharmaceutical applications: A review","volume":"7","author":"Parhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.103390","article-title":"Recent advances in drug delivery nanocarriers incorporated in temperature-sensitive Pluronic F-127\u2013A critical review","volume":"72","author":"Jaquilin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"339","article-title":"Applications of thermo-reversible pluronic F-127 gels in pharmaceutical formulations","volume":"9","author":"Kalia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-015-5493-4","article-title":"Pluronic F-127 hydrogel as a promising scaffold for encapsulation of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"26","author":"Diniz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.04.027","article-title":"Early pathogenic colonisers of acute burn wounds: A retrospective review","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"385","article-title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Chemical, physical and biological methods","volume":"9","author":"Iravani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00287","article-title":"Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Fungi: A Review","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165257","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/165257","article-title":"Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Industrial and Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"2015","author":"Haider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"173","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis methods, bio-applications and properties","volume":"42","author":"Abbasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"325","article-title":"A Review of Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis Methods, Properties and Applications","volume":"4","author":"Natsuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.06.009","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of the size and concentration of AgNPs in water samples by UV\u2013vis spectrophotometry and chemometrics tools","volume":"188","author":"Madrid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-6622-1","article-title":"Bacteriagenic silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, mechanism, and applications","volume":"99","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-8012-8","article-title":"Eco-friendly approach for nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism behind antibacterial activity of silver and anticancer activity of gold nanoparticles","volume":"101","author":"Patil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701503","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201701503","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles: Structural Effects","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S304138","article-title":"Are Smaller Nanoparticles Always Better? Understanding the Biological Effect of Size-Dependent Silver Nanoparticle Aggregation Under Biorelevant Conditions","volume":"16","author":"Zakupszky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-008-9428-6","article-title":"Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles with different sizes","volume":"10","author":"Ruiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763807","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/763807","article-title":"Assessment of Size-Dependent Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles","volume":"2014","author":"Jeong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2008.02.013","article-title":"In vitro permeation of gold nanoparticles through rat skin and rat intestine: Effect of particle size","volume":"65","author":"Sonavane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.4.9501","article-title":"Nanoparticles and their interactions with the dermal barrier","volume":"1","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-018-0886-6","article-title":"Size-dependent skin penetration of silver nanoparticles: Effect of penetration enhancers","volume":"8","author":"Ezealisiji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16908","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16908","article-title":"Shape-Dependent Skin Penetration of Silver Nanoparticles: Does It Really Matter?","volume":"5","author":"Tak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.04.006","article-title":"In vitro percutaneous penetration of silver nanoparticles in pig and human skin","volume":"95","author":"Kraeling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90763-w","article-title":"Hydrogel with silver nanoparticles synthesized by Mimosa tenuiflora for second-degree burns treatment","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.09.025","article-title":"Human skin penetration of silver nanoparticles through intact and damaged skin","volume":"255","author":"Larese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.01.035","article-title":"Evaluation of silver nanoparticles in cosmeceutical and potential biosafety complications","volume":"29","author":"Ong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2016.1235739","article-title":"Characterization of silver particles in the stratum corneum of healthy subjects and atopic dermatitis patients dermally exposed to a silver-containing garment","volume":"10","author":"Bianco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Wang, M., Marepally, S.K., Vemula, P.K., and Xu, C. (2016). Nanoscience in Dermatology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2006.12.001","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"661","article-title":"The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Wounds Contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mice: An Experimental Study","volume":"16","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res. IJPR"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"172","article-title":"Correlation of occurrence of infection in burn patients","volume":"30","author":"Latifi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Burn. Fire Disasters"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14034817","article-title":"Active Silver Nanoparticles for Wound Healing","volume":"14","author":"Rigo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mota, A.H., Prazeres, I., Mestre, H., Bento-Silva, A., Rodrigues, M.J., Duarte, N., Serra, A.T., Bronze, M.R., Rijo, P., and Gaspar, M.M. (2021). A Newfangled Collagenase Inhibitor Topical Formulation Based on Ethosomes with Sambucus nigra L. Extract. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050467"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.01.019","article-title":"Silver nanoparticle impregnated chitosan-PEG hydrogel enhances wound healing in diabetes induced rabbits","volume":"559","author":"Masood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7382717","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7382717","article-title":"In Vivo Study of the Antibacterial Chitosan\/Polyvinyl Alcohol Loaded with Silver Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications","volume":"2019","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101308","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles loaded PVA hydrogel patches for wound healing","volume":"54","author":"Ahsan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.060","article-title":"Novel chitosan hydrogels reinforced by silver nanoparticles with ultrahigh mechanical and high antibacterial properties for accelerating wound healing","volume":"119","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505102","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ac2536","article-title":"Quercetin loaded silver nanoparticles in hydrogel matrices for diabetic wound healing","volume":"32","author":"Badhwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faris Taufeq, F.Y., Habideen, N.H., Rao, L.N., Podder, P.K., and Katas, H. (2023). Potential Hemostatic and Wound Healing Effects of Thermoresponsive Wound Dressing Gel Loaded with Lignosus rhinocerotis and Punica granatum Extracts. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9010048"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.12.096","article-title":"Pluronic F127 thermosensitive injectable smart hydrogels for controlled drug delivery system development","volume":"565","author":"Shriky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2015.11.001","article-title":"Pluronic F127 Hydrogel Characterization and Biofabrication in Cellularized Constructs for Tissue Engineering Applications","volume":"49","author":"Gioffredi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63464-z","article-title":"Delayed application of silver nanoparticles reveals the role of early inflammation in burn wound healing","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328218759564","article-title":"Comparative in vivo evaluation of novel formulations based on alginate and silver nanoparticles for wound treatments","volume":"32","author":"Stojkovska","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Nie, S., Hsiao, W.W., and Pam, W. (2011). Thermoreversible Pluronic&reg; F127-based hydrogel containing liposomes for the controlled delivery of paclitaxel: In vitro drug release, cell cytotoxicity, and uptake studies. Int. J. Nanomed., 151.","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S15057"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701584189","article-title":"Novel Insights into Wound Healing Sequence of Events","volume":"35","author":"Solomonik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Gels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/9\/3\/200\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:49:07Z","timestamp":1760122147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/9\/3\/200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["gels9030200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9030200","relation":{},"ISSN":["2310-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2310-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}}}