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Tandemly repeated satellite DNAs (satDNAs) can be found clustered in specific heterochromatin-rich chromosomal regions, building vital structures like functional centromeres and also dispersed within euchromatin. Interestingly, despite their association to critical chromosomal structures, satDNAs are widely variable among species due to their high turnover rates. This dynamic behavior has been associated with genome plasticity and chromosome rearrangements, leading to the reshaping of genomes. Here we present the current knowledge regarding satDNAs in the light of new genomic technologies, and the challenges in the study of these sequences. Furthermore, we discuss how these sequences, together with other repeats, influence genome architecture, impacting its evolution and association with disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11010072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1578629211000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Decoding the Role of Satellite DNA in Genome Architecture and Plasticity\u2014An Evolutionary and Clinical Affair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Louzada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Tra\u0301s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Tra\u0301s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7094-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Tra\u0301s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Adega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Tra\u0301s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Escudeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Tra\u0301s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-6916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Gama-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Tra\u0301s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/371215a0","article-title":"The evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in eukaryotes","volume":"371","author":"Charlesworth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000337122","article-title":"Satellite DNA evolution","volume":"7","author":"Plohl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Dyn."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000337118","article-title":"The Repetitive DNA Content of Eukaryotic Genomes","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Dyn."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.112.003467","article-title":"Satellite DNA-like elements associated with genes within euchromatin of the beetle Tribolium castaneum","volume":"2","author":"Feliciello","year":"2012","journal-title":"G3 Genes Genomes Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr173","article-title":"The 1.688 repetitive DNA of Drosophila: Concerted evolution at different genomic scales and association with genes","volume":"29","author":"Kuhn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. 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