{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:06:24Z","timestamp":1774519584386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT), Portugal","award":["Norma Transit\u00f3ria DL 57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0008 and UID\/AGR\/00239\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norma Transit\u00f3ria DL 57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0008 and UID\/AGR\/00239\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Portugal","award":["FCT - Unit Project Reference: UIDB\/00239\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT - Unit Project Reference: UIDB\/00239\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council, Australia","award":["DP190102053 and IC150100004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP190102053 and IC150100004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolutionary response to selection depends on the distribution of genetic variation in traits under selection within populations, as defined by the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix (G). The structure and evolutionary stability of G will thus influence the course of phenotypic evolution. However, there are few studies assessing the stability of G and its relationship with population divergence within foundation tree species. We compared the G-matrices of Mainland and Island population groups of the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus, and determined the extent to which population divergence aligned with within-population genetic (co)variation. Four key wood property traits exhibiting signals of divergent selection were studied\u2014wood density, extractive content, and lignin content and composition. The comparison of G-matrices of the mainland and island populations indicated that the G-eigenstructure was relatively well preserved at an intra-specific level. Population divergence tended to occur along a major direction of genetic variation in G. The observed conservatism of G, the moderate evolutionary timescale, and close relationship between genetic architecture and population trajectories suggest that genetic constraints may have influenced the evolution and diversification of the E. globulus populations for the traits studied. However, alternative scenarios, including selection aligning genetic architecture and population divergence, are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11091095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T10:22:23Z","timestamp":1600424543000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Population Divergence along a Genetic Line of Least Resistance in the Tree Species Eucalyptus globulus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Costa e Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6244-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad M.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3502-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09670","article-title":"Climate change and evolutionary adaptation","volume":"470","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"402","article-title":"Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain:body size allometry","volume":"33","author":"Lande","year":"1979","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.1671","article-title":"How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation?","volume":"276","author":"Agrawal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. 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