{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T09:18:15Z","timestamp":1774084695995,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-CEL\/29257\/2017 UIDB\/04046\/2020 UIDP\/04046\/2020 2020.05340.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-CEL\/29257\/2017 UIDB\/04046\/2020 UIDP\/04046\/2020 2020.05340.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular processes, including metabolism. Attempts to use miRNAs as therapeutic agents are being explored in several areas, including the control of cancer progression. Recent evidence suggests fine tuning miRNA activity to reprogram tumor cell metabolism has enormous potential as an alternative treatment option. Indeed, cancer growth is known to be linked to profound metabolic changes. Likewise, the emerging field of immunometabolism is leading to a refined understanding of how immune cell proliferation and function is governed by glucose homeostasis. Different immune cell types are now known to have unique metabolic signatures that switch in response to a changing environment. T-cell subsets exhibit distinct metabolic profiles which underlie their alternative differentiation and phenotypic functions. Recent evidence shows that the susceptibility of CD4+ T-cells to HIV infection is intimately linked to their metabolic activity, with many of the metabolic features of HIV-1-infected cells resembling those found in tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the use of miRNA modulation to achieve metabolic reprogramming for cancer therapy and explore the idea that the same approach may serve as an effective mechanism to restrict HIV replication and eliminate infected cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13020273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1643497326000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Therapeutic Metabolic Reprograming Using microRNAs: From Cancer to HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9732-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark S.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0383-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Noronha-Estima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-6916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Gama-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065062","article-title":"An Abundant Class of Tiny RNAs with Probable Regulatory Roles in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"294","author":"Lau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065329","article-title":"An Extensive Class of Small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"294","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064921","article-title":"Identification of Novel Genes Coding for Small Expressed RNAs","volume":"294","author":"Rauhut","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D132","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz885","article-title":"MirGeneDB 2.0: The Metazoan MicroRNA Complement","volume":"48","author":"Fromm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D155","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1141","article-title":"MiRBase: From MicroRNA Sequences to Function","volume":"47","author":"Kozomara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.12.015","article-title":"Big Strides in Cellular MicroRNA Expression","volume":"34","author":"Halushka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0059-1","article-title":"Regulation of MicroRNA Biogenesis and Its Crosstalk with Other Cellular Pathways","volume":"20","author":"Treiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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