{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:52:16Z","timestamp":1773298336643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021\/406)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021\/406)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was carried out using 22 promising restorer lines of rice and their parental lines to study genetic variability and genetic advance for yield and yield-associated grain quality traits and floral traits. These genotypes are evaluated in a replicated trial using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the seasons from 2012 to 2020. Analysis of variance revealed that highly significant variations were observed among the genotypes for all the studied characters. Both GCV% and PCV% were high for the number of spikelets per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, and panicle weight. The genetic advance in the percentage of mean was high for days to plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, panicle weight, grain yield per plant, anther length, anther breadth, duration of floret opening, and head rice percentage. Mean performance of the rice genotypes indicated that the genotypes NRL 59, NRL 55, NRL 62, NRL 63, NRL 66, and NRL 54-2 were promising for grain yield and associated desirable traits. Thus, some of these promising lines can be promoted as a new rice variety and could be used as a source for developing new hybrid combinations in hybrid rice breeding programs. The percentage of advantage over better parent and Giza 178 as the commercial variety was significant and there were highly significant desirable values among the genotypes for all the studied traits in the two years, indicating that the selection is effective in the genetic improvements for these traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13030458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1646299493000},"page":"458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development of New Restorer Lines Carrying Some Restoring Fertility Genes with Flowering, Yield and Grains Quality Characteristics in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9904-2689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamdouh","family":"Awad-Allah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nehal","family":"Elekhtyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Abd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2928-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4162-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azza","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Citrus Research & Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Diasty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Shamseldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, Women\u2019s College for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seed Development Department, Agricultural Professions Syndicate, Downtown, Cairo 11669, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brarr, B.A., Koehler, C.S., and Smith, R.F. (1975). Crop Losses, Rice: Field Losses to Insects, Diseases, Weeds, and Other Pests, University of California\/USAID Pest Management and Related Environmental Protection Project Berkeley."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Harbi, N., Al Attar, N., Hikal, D., Mohamed, S., Latef, A.A., Ibrahim, A., and Abdein, M. (2021). Evaluation of Insecticidal Effects of Plants Essential Oils Extracted from Basil, Black Seeds and Lavender against Sitophilus oryzae. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10050829"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.5958\/2249-5266.2018.00027.9","article-title":"Identification of selection parameters for evaluating superior rice hybrids","volume":"55","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oryza-An Int. J. Rice"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3740","DOI":"10.1360\/N972016-01043","article-title":"Fifty years of hybrid rice research in China","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2010.04427.x","article-title":"The fertility restorer gene, Rf2, for Lead Rice-type cytoplasmic male sterility of rice encodes a mitochondrial glycine-rich protein","volume":"65","author":"Itabashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.015966","article-title":"Interactions of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes That Affect Male Gametophyte Development","volume":"16","author":"Hanson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcn102","article-title":"Genome Barriers between Nuclei and Mitochondria Exemplified by Cytoplasmic Male Sterility","volume":"49","author":"Fujii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1139\/g96-152","article-title":"A codominant DNA marker closely linked to the rice nuclear restorer gene, Rf-1, identified with inter-SSR fingerprinting","volume":"39","author":"Akagi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009601007175","article-title":"A rapid PCR-aided selection of a rice line containing the Rf-1 gene which is involved in restoration of the cytoplasmic male sterility","volume":"3","author":"Ichikawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Breed."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s001220050377","article-title":"Mapping of the Rf-3 nuclear fertility-restoring gene for WA cytoplasmic male sterility in rice using RAPD and RFLP markers","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003165116059","article-title":"Mapping and genetic analysis of two fertility restorer loci in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility system of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"98","author":"Yao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s001220050894","article-title":"Linkage analysis of a fertility restoring mutant generated from CMS rice","volume":"97","author":"Shen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01678126","article-title":"Chromosomal location of fertility restoring genes for \u2018wild abortive\u2019 cytoplasmic male sterility using primary trisomics in rice","volume":"83","author":"Bharaj","year":"1995","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1007\/s001220050983","article-title":"Genetic analysis of rice CMS-WA fertility restoration based on QTL mapping","volume":"97","author":"Tan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812814289_0076","article-title":"Using doubled haploid populations of rice for quantitative trait locus mapping","volume":"3","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rice Genet. Collect."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"75","article-title":"Tagging of the restorer gene for rice HL-type CMS using microsatellite markers","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rice Genet. Newsl."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Awad-Allah, M.M.A. (2006). Application of Genetic Engineering Tools on Rice Genome. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Al-Azhar University Faculty of Agriculture]."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Awad-Allah, M.M.A. (2011). Integrated Restorer Fertility and Wide Compatibility Genes for Producing Promising Restorer Lines in Rice. [Ph.D. Thesis, Al-Azhar University Faculty of Agriculture]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.1360\/N972016-01109","article-title":"Retrospective and perspective on indica three-line hybrid rice breeding research in China","volume":"61","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2021.02.003","article-title":"Innovation and development of the third-generation hybrid rice technology","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.16044","article-title":"Development of a platform for breeding by design of CMS restorer lines based on an SSSL library in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"66","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Sabar, M., and Akthar, M. (2002, January 17\u201319). Rice germplasm collection, conservation and utilization for hybrid rice. Proceedings of the Seminar on Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Agricultural Production, Islamabad, Pakistan."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-017-0464-5","article-title":"Marker-assisted identification of restorer gene(s) in iso-cytoplasmic restorer lines of WA cytoplasm in rice and assessment of their fertility restoration potential across environments","volume":"23","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.5958\/0975-6906.2017.00065.7","article-title":"Development and evaluation of iso-cytoplasmic rice restorer lines for different agro-morphological traits","volume":"77","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.21475\/ajcs.21.15.02.p1732","article-title":"Floral traits and flowering behaviors of Malaysian rice cytoplasmic male sterile and maintainer lines and its relationship with out-crossing performance","volume":"15","author":"Hashim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. J. Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00283266","article-title":"Comparative analysis of microsatellite DNA polymorphism in landraces and cultivars of rice","volume":"245","author":"Yang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2017.84051","article-title":"Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Floral Morphology of Rice Using a Backcross Population between Common Cultivated Rice, Oryza sativa and Asian Wild Rice, O. rufipogon","volume":"8","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"115","article-title":"Genetic divergence and heterosis studies of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Wilczek","volume":"21","author":"Appalaswamy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Legume Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, S., Tester, M., Fiene, G., and Mousa, M. (2021). Early Growth Stage Characterization and the Biochemical Responses for Salinity Stress in Tomato. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040712"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) (2014). Standard Evaluation System for Rice, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"30","article-title":"Borromeo. Grain quality evaluation of Lao high yielding cultivars","volume":"19","author":"Xangsayasane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lao J. Agric. For."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Panse, V.G., and Sukhatme, P.V. (1961). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"723","article-title":"Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Singh","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biom. Methods Quant. Genet. Anal."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Falconer, D.S. (1989). Introduction to Qualitative Genetics, Longman. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Burton, G.W. (1952, January 17\u201323). Qualitative inheritance in grasses. Proceedings of the 6th International Grassland Congress, State College, PA, USA."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"293","article-title":"Intrasire correlations or regressions of offspring on dam as a method of estimating heritability of characteristics","volume":"1","author":"Lush","year":"1940","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1955.00021962004700070009x","article-title":"Estimates of Genetic and Environmental Variability in Soybeans 1","volume":"47","author":"Johnson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Genotypic and phenotypic variability in rice","volume":"60","author":"Sivasubramanian","year":"1973","journal-title":"Madras Agric. J."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Mather, K. (1949). Biometrical Genetics, Cambridge University Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1970.0011183X001000060036x","article-title":"Combining Ability Estimates in Arachis hypogaea L. II. Field Performance of F1 Hybrids 1","volume":"10","author":"Wynne","year":"1970","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"469","article-title":"Inheritance of elongated uppermost internode and identification of RAPD marker linked to eui gene in rice","volume":"87","author":"Gangashetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2014\/v7i10.14","article-title":"Evaluation of Rice Genetic Diversity and Variability in a Population Panel by Principal Component Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Nachimuthu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.21475\/ajcs.2016.10.08.p7603","article-title":"Flowering synchronization in hybrid rice parental lines","volume":"10","author":"Mondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. J. Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Sindhu, J.S., and Kumar, I. (2002, January 23\u201326). Quality seed production in hybrid rice. Proceedings of the 20th Session of International Rice Commis-sion, (IRC\u2019 02), Bangkok, Thailand."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"315","article-title":"Productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa) hybrids as influenced by date of transplanting and age of seedling under system of rice intensification","volume":"61","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"48","article-title":"Yield performance of newly devel-oped test crossed hybrid rice variety","volume":"5","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJAAR"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1897","article-title":"Genetics of floral traits in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and restorer lines of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"45","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.5958\/0975-928X.2016.00110.1","article-title":"Identification of restorers and maintainers among the locally adapted genotypes for hybrid development in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"7","author":"Priyanka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electron. J. Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3126\/narj.v8i0.11605","article-title":"Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents","volume":"8","author":"Joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nepal. Agric. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"99","article-title":"Genetical analysis and detection for wide compatibility traits of some rice genotypes under egyptian conditions","volume":"42","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12284-019-0332-8","article-title":"Development of cytoplasmic male sterile lines and restorer lines of various elite Indica Group rice cultivars using CW-CMS\/Rf17 system","volume":"12","author":"Toriyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Devi, K.R., Venkanna, V., Parimala, K., Hari, Y., Satish Chandra, B., Lingaiah, N., Prasad, K.R., and Rao, P.J.M. (2020, January 8\u20139). Developing of Heterotic Hybrids through Allocytoplasmic Restorer Improvement In Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Proceedings of the 1st Indian Rice Congress\u20142020. Rice Research and Development for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals, Cuttack, India."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Prasad, K.R.K., and Suneetha, Y. (2020, January 8\u20139). Fertility Restoration Studies of Promising Genotypes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Proceedings of the 1st Indian Rice Congress\u20142020. Rice Research and Development for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals, Cuttack, India."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"75","article-title":"Genetic parameters and correlation Among Floral Characters in Local Fine Rice","volume":"6","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.5958\/0975-928X.2017.00092.8","article-title":"Studies on genetic variability for floral and grain quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"8","author":"Priyanka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron. J. Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"2522","article-title":"Genetic variabilty, association and path analysis for grain yield and quality traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"19","author":"Radha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Arch."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-020-00826-x","article-title":"Genetic variability, heritability and correlations for milling and grain appearance qualities in some accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"26","author":"Adjah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"(2021). Genetic variability and association analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm based on biometrical and floral traits. Electron. J. Plant Breed., 12, 912\u2013917."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"563","article-title":"Analysis of genetic variability in interspesific backcross inbred lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"23","author":"Salimath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kanataka J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"235","article-title":"Genetic parameters for grain yield and its component characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"2","author":"Prajapati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electron. J. Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"19","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Arch."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.903.042","article-title":"Genetic Parameters Study for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes with High Grain Zinc Content","volume":"9","author":"Behera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"34","article-title":"Floral variability and correlation studies among selected male sterile lines in rice","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol. Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.912.158","article-title":"Studies on Combining Ability and Gene Action for Yield and Quality Traits in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"9","author":"Buelah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"182","article-title":"Variability and character association of cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"26","author":"Sankar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. Sci. Digest"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3329\/pa.v26i1.24511","article-title":"Analysis of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield associated traits in some promising advanced lines of rice","volume":"26","author":"Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress. Agric."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"383","article-title":"Heterosis and Combining ability Estimates using Line x Tester Analysis to Develop Wide Compatibility and Restorer Lines in Rice","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Chem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"4555","article-title":"Exploitation of heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for yield and its component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"20","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Arch."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/3\/458\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:31:14Z","timestamp":1760135474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/3\/458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["genes13030458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13030458","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]}}}