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slave labor. To disclose the paternal lineages in the current population from Tierra del Fuego, 196 unrelated males were genotyped for 23 Y-STRs and 52 Y-SNPs. Haplotype and haplogroup diversities were high, indicating the absence of strong founder or drift events. A high frequency of Eurasian haplogroups was detected (94.4%), followed by Native American (5.1%) and African (0.5%) ones. The haplogroup R was the most abundant (48.5%), with the sub-haplogroup R-S116* taking up a quarter of the total dataset. Comparative analyses with other Latin American populations showed similarities with other admixed populations from Argentina. Regarding Eurasian populations, Tierra del Fuego presented similarities with Italian and Iberian populations. In an in-depth analysis of the haplogroup R-M269 and its subtypes, Tierra del Fuego displayed a close proximity to the Iberian Peninsula. The results from this study are in line with the historical records and reflect the severe demographic change led mainly by male newcomers with paternal European origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13101712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1664147607000},"page":"1712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tierra Del Fuego: What Is Left from the Precolonial Male Lineages?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2956-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5774-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Florencia","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Diversidad y Evoluci\u00f3n Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn 9120, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Julyana","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elizeu F.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2499-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio Marcelo","family":"Bravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular Poblacional, IMBICE (CCT-CONICET, CIC-PBA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1906, Argentina"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9stor Guillermo","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Diversidad y Evoluci\u00f3n Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn 9120, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Luciano Esteban","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Diversidad y Evoluci\u00f3n Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn 9120, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Hemoterapia, Hospital Regional de Rio Grande, Rio Grande 9420, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Andrea del Carmen","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Hemoterapia, CEMEP, Rio Grande 9420, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Ariana","family":"Gamulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Hemoterapia, Hospital Regional de Ushuaia, Ushuaia 9410, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Saldutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Hemoterapia, Cl\u00ednica San Jorge, Ushuaia 9410, Argentina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6726-2943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Parolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Diversidad y Evoluci\u00f3n Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn 9120, Argentina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0432-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Gusm\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2008.09.024","article-title":"AMS 14C dating of early human occupation of southern South America","volume":"36","author":"Steele","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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