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We assessed the response of the microbial community of a heavy metal-contaminated soil when exposed to short-term (48 h) variations in air temperature, soil humidity or ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the absence and presence of Enchytraeus crypticus (soil invertebrate). Each of the climate scenarios simulated significantly altered at least one of the microbial parameters measured. Irrespective of the presence or absence of invertebrates, the effects were particularly marked upon exposure to increased air temperature and alterations in soil moisture levels (drought and flood scenarios). The observed effects can be partly explained by significant alterations in soil properties such as pH, dissolved organic carbon, and water-extractable heavy metals, which were observed for all scenarios in comparison to standard conditions. The occurrence of invertebrates mitigated some of the impacts observed on the soil microbial community, particularly in bacterial abundance, richness, diversity, and metabolic activity. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the interplay between climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and soil biotic components to assess the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and to develop and implement effective management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15010107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T11:37:18Z","timestamp":1705405038000},"page":"107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Structural and Functional Shifts in the Microbial Community of a Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil Exposed to Short-Term Changes in Air Temperature, Soil Moisture and UV Radiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF (Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry), School of Biotechnology, Portuguese Catholic University, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0428-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-4266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Nazaret","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering of the E.T.S.I.A., Technical University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO, and UNEP (2021). Global Assessment of Soil Pollution: Report, FAO."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez, A.P., and Eugenio, N.R. (2018). Status of Local Soil Contamination in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2018.10.022","article-title":"Pb, Cd, and Zn soil contamination: Monitoring functional and structural impacts on the microbiome","volume":"135","author":"Fajardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. 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