{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T05:27:46Z","timestamp":1764134866957,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional"},{"name":"Portuguese funds","award":["PTDC\/BIA-MOL\/3986\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-MOL\/3986\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UI\/BD\/153041\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/153041\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["SFRH\/BD\/145217\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/145217\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro\u2014N\u00facleo Regional do Norte","award":["Bolsas LPCC-NRN 2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bolsas LPCC-NRN 2024"]}]},{"name":"FEDER-COMPETE 2020","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer is an increasing public health burden, including in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations, where cancer incidence is predicted to increase by around 140% between 2022 and 2050. These rates require a better understanding of the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic\/molecular characteristics of cancer in SSA populations. There is an urgent need to improve the genomic characterization of SSA tumour samples and also to establish suitable in vitro models for hypothesis testing. In fact, even though thousands of cancer cell lines (CCLs) have been established employing different methods of cell immortalization and have been included in deep molecular characterization panels, SSA ancestry is limited to only ~6% (mostly African Americans, who represent limited diversity in the context of the African continent) of publicly available CCLs. This disparity needs to be addressed by using next-generation immortalization methods such as conditional reprogramming to establish CCLs derived from SSA cancer patients that also represent the diversity within the African continent. Research in SSA oncobiology has the potential to add essential information to better understand the diverse molecular pathways leading to cancer and to find promising therapeutic avenues. We also discuss the challenges to conducting oncobiology studies with cell modelling derived from SSA patients in low-to-middle-income African countries, such as Portuguese-speaking African countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16121403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T08:50:20Z","timestamp":1764060620000},"page":"1403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing Ancestral Underrepresentation in Oncobiology: The Need for Sub-Saharan African-Specific In Vitro Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0960-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla S.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Carrilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 2HJP+QWV, Mozambique"},{"name":"Department o Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo 2HJR+JFQ, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Almada-Seixal, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angolan Institute Against Cancer, Luanda 56FG+7R6, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Agostinho Neto, Praia 112, Cape Verde"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0521-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facio Lara","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Patologia e Terap\u00eautica Experimental e Departamento de Oncologia do Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ONCOCIR\u2014Education and Care in Oncology, PALOP\u2014Lusophone Africa, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-00306-8","article-title":"African genetic diversity and adaptation inform a precision medicine agenda","volume":"22","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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