{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T01:49:22Z","timestamp":1768960162865,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/BIA\/00329\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/BIA\/00329\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00329\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00329\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00329\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00329\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) occurs in a wide range from north and east Africa, through southwest Asia to India, but its distribution is increasingly patchy and many of its populations are in decline due to intense human pressure. Its genetic diversity and structure, phylogeography, and evolutionary history, remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we investigated mitochondrial DNA variation in Algerian striped hyenas. Moreover, with the aim of contributing to our understanding of the evolutionary history of the species, we also examined samples from other geographic regions and compared our results with those of the only previous study in which individuals from across the range of the species were analyzed. In particular, we performed a wide range of analyses of demographic history and estimation of the age of the extant mitochondrial DNA variation. Results and Conclusions: The Algerian population sample was monomorphic. Overall, the global patterns of genetic diversity and the results of some demographic history analyses support a scenario of population growth in the species, estimated to have occurred in the Late Pleistocene, but many of the analyses did not detect a significant signal of growth, most likely a result of the limited power provided by a small number of segregating sites. The estimates, from three different methods, for the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the mitochondrial DNA variation hovered around 400 ka, coinciding with one of the longest and warmest interglacials of the last 800,000 years, with environmental conditions similar to the Holocene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17010111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:02:07Z","timestamp":1768914127000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial DNA Variation of the Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Algeria and Further Insights into the Species\u2019 Evolutionary History"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Louiza","family":"Derouiche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure des Sciences de l\u2019Aliment et Industries Agroalimentaires (ESSAIA), Avenue Ahmed Hamidouche, Route de Beaulieu, El Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hafida","family":"Benameur-Hasnaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc National de Tlemcen, Plateau Lalla Setti, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Ridah Hadj","family":"Aissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Blida, BP 27, Blida 09000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Yasaman","family":"Hassan-Beigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Seyed Massoud","family":"Madjdzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Museum and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran"}]},{"given":"Zuhair","family":"Amr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Aimee","family":"Cokayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Bani Yas Island, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 126888, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Vercammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah P.O. Box 29922, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18261\/8200374815-1991-01","article-title":"The Hyaenidae: Taxonomy, systematics and evolution","volume":"30","author":"Werdelin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Foss. 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