{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:26:11Z","timestamp":1762867571120,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Xunta de Galicia and Fondos FEDER: \"Unha maneira de facer Europa\" (Axudas do programa de consolidaci\u00f3n e estruturaci\u00f3n de unidades de investigaci\u00f3ns competitivas do SUG: ED431C 2016-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Xunta de Galicia and Fondos FEDER: \"Unha maneira de facer Europa\" (Axudas do programa de consolidaci\u00f3n e estruturaci\u00f3n de unidades de investigaci\u00f3ns competitivas do SUG: ED431C 2016-037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology - FCT [PTDC\/BIA-EVF\/113805\/2009]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology - FCT [PTDC\/BIA-EVF\/113805\/2009]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periwinkles of the family Littorinidae (Children, 1834) are common members of seashore littoral communities worldwide. Although the family is composed of more than 200 species belonging to 18 genera, chromosome numbers have been described in only eleven of them. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of nine periwinkle species, the rough periwinkles Littorina arcana, L. saxatilis, and L. compressa, the flat periwinkles L. obtusata and L. fabalis, the common periwinkle L. littorea, the mangrove periwinkle Littoraria angulifera, the beaded periwinkle Cenchritis muricatus, and the small periwinkle Melarhaphe neritoides was performed. All species showed diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 34, and karyotypes were mostly composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosome pairs. None of the periwinkle species showed chromosomal differences between male and female specimens. The chromosomal mapping of major and minor rDNA and H3 histone gene clusters by fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrated that the patterns of distribution of these DNA sequences were conserved among closely related species and differed among less related ones. All signals occupied separated loci on different chromosome pairs without any evidence of co-localization in any of the species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9110517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T02:59:40Z","timestamp":1540349980000},"page":"517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Karyotype Characterization of Nine Periwinkle Species (Gastropoda, Littorinidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0997-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Souto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Bioqu\u00edmica, Xen\u00e9tica e Inmunolox\u00eda, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Alonso-Rubido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Bioqu\u00edmica, Xen\u00e9tica e Inmunolox\u00eda, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Systems Biotechnology Group, Department of Applied Biocatalysis, CSIC-Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, C\/Marie Curie 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8041-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Eir\u00edn-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Rol\u00e1n-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Bioqu\u00edmica, Xen\u00e9tica e Inmunolox\u00eda, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"CIM-UVIGO, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a, Universidade de Vigo, E-36331 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Bioqu\u00edmica, Xen\u00e9tica e Inmunolox\u00eda, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"CIM-UVIGO, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a, Universidade de Vigo, E-36331 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6515-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Pasantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Bioqu\u00edmica, Xen\u00e9tica e Inmunolox\u00eda, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"CIM-UVIGO, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a, Universidade de Vigo, E-36331 Vigo, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2011.00505.x","article-title":"A global molecular phylogeny of 147 periwinkle species (Gastropoda, Littorininae)","volume":"41","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zool. 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