{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:24:17Z","timestamp":1778239457346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) stand out as territories of excellence for the development of educational activities in the international arena. Their didactic potential, their multidisciplinarity and their importance for the development of non-formal and informal teaching activities have drawn the attention of institutions, organizations and governments of many countries. This, to such an extent, that the number of UGGps continues to increase year after year, having currently reached 177 territories spread over 46 countries. All of them work every day developing different activities and educational proposals aimed at the creation of the so-called \u201cQuality Education\u201d, the fourth objective of the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda. The diversity of didactic plans, their adaptability and their accessibility mean that each UGGp is unique and different from the rest, maintaining the key values that make up this group of territories. This study describes the different educational proposals and activities that the Spanish and Portuguese UGGps show on their official websites, with the aim of analyzing their level of visibility before visiting the territories and highlighting their relevance in the education development framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences13020022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T05:06:14Z","timestamp":1674104774000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prospective Study on Geosciences On-Line Education: UNESCO Global Geoparks in Spain and Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4239-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Enrique","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9399-8070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Ester Mari\u00f1oso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Emmaline M.","family":"Rosado-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair on Geoparks, Sustainable Regional Development and Healthy Lifestyles, and Pole of the Geoscience Centre (CGeo), Department of Geology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0811-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur A.","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Chair on Geoparks, Sustainable Regional Development and Healthy Lifestyles, and Pole of the Geoscience Centre (CGeo), Department of Geology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Los geoparques como recurso para la ense\u00f1anza-aprendizaje del espacio geogr\u00e1fico en Educaci\u00f3n Primaria: El paisaje de las \u00e1reas de monta\u00f1a","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Did\u00e1ctica Geogr\u00e1fica"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Rocha Da Silva, E.M. (2020). The Contribution of the European UNESCO Global Geoparks for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development\u2014A Study Based on Several Data Sources, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s12371-020-00459-2","article-title":"UNESCO Global Geoparks in Latin America and the Caribbean, and Their Contribution to Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geoheritage"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.18814\/epiiugs\/2012\/v35i4\/004","article-title":"The Arouca Geopark (Portugal) as an educational resource: A case study","volume":"35","author":"Henriques","year":"2012","journal-title":"Episodes"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Rodrigues, J. (2012). Libro de Ponencias II Conferencia del Proyecto Geoschools: Geolog\u00eda y Sociedade: Alfabetizaci\u00f3n Geocient\u00edfica, Universidad de Zaragoza. Publicaciones del Semin\u00e1rio de Paleontologia de Zaragoza."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"UNESCO (2022, February 19). What is a UNESCO global geopark?. Available online: http:\/\/www.globalgeopark.org\/aboutGGN\/6398.htm."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1144\/SP300.21","article-title":"History of Geoparks","volume":"300","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Lond. Sp\u00e9c. Publ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"El muestreo en la investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa","volume":"27","author":"Blanco","year":"2007","journal-title":"NURE Investig. Rev. Cient\u00edfica Enfermer\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.33210\/ca.v9i2.294","article-title":"Las dos caras de la educaci\u00f3n en el COVID-19","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"CienciAm\u00e9rica"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.18814\/epiiugs\/2021\/021002","article-title":"UNESCO Global Geoparks in the \"World after\": A multiplegoals roadmap proposal for future discussion","volume":"45","author":"Martini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Episodes"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12371-018-0300-5","article-title":"Accessible Geoparks in Iberia: A Challenge to Promote Geotourism and Education for Sustainable Development","volume":"11","author":"Henriques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geoheritage"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Reuben, R. (2022, April 22). The Use of Social Media in Higher Education for Marketing and Communications: A Guide for Professionals in Higher Education. Available online: https:\/\/rachelreuben.com\/2008\/08\/19\/social-media-uses-higher-education-marketing-communication\/."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.1997.tb00395.x","article-title":"The Nature and Social Uses of the Internet: A Qualitative Investigation","volume":"31","author":"Maignan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Consum. Aff."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azeiteiro, U.M., Leal Filho, W., and Caeiro, S.S. (2014). E-Learning and Education for Sustainability, Peter Lang D. International Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.3726\/978-3-653-02460-9"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1007\/s12371-019-00387-w","article-title":"Teaching Sustainability in Geoscience Field Education at Falun Mine World Heritage Site in Sweden","volume":"11","author":"Hellqvist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geoheritage"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5408\/1089-9995-60.3.199","article-title":"Geoscience Education and Global Development","volume":"60","author":"Locke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geosci. Educ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2678","article-title":"Sustainable geoscience","volume":"9","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasconcelos, C. (2016). Geoscience Education, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43319-6"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Gardner, H. (2004). Globalization: Culture and Education in the New Millennium, University of California Press."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"157","article-title":"Online Education and Its Effective Practice: A Research Review","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"13","article-title":"Integraci\u00f3n curricular de TIC en educaci\u00f3n parvularia","volume":"32","author":"Cerda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Pedagog."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"299","article-title":"Las Tic en la educaci\u00f3n superior, innovaciones y retos [The ICT in higher education, innovations and challenges]","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"RICSH Rev. Iberoam. Cienc. Soc. Hum."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.14201\/eks.23086","article-title":"La evaluaci\u00f3n online en la educaci\u00f3n superior en tiempos de la COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Corell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educ. Knowl. Soc."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Adell Segura, J., and Sales Ciges, A. (1999, January 14\u201317). El profesor online: Elementos para la definici\u00f3n de un nuevo rol docente. Proceedings of the IV Congreso de Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y de la Comunicaci\u00f3n para la Educaci\u00f3n. Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas en la Formaci\u00f3n Flexible y a Distancia, Seville, Spain."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"144","article-title":"Formaci\u00f3n docente en TIC y su evidencia en tiempos de COVID-19","volume":"6","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Saberes Educ."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"24","article-title":"La Educaci\u00f3n en Tiempo del Covid-19 Herramientas TIC: El Nuevo Rol Docente en el Fortalecimiento del Proceso Ense\u00f1anza Aprendizaje de las Pr\u00e1cticas Educativa Innovadoras","volume":"9","author":"Sandoval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.17149\/ijg.j.issn.2210.3382.2018.01.007","article-title":"Educational challenges in the Portuguese UNESCO Global Geoparks: Contributing for the implementation of the SDG 4","volume":"6","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Geoheritage Park."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"255","article-title":"Los Geoparques Mundiales de la UNESCO en Espa\u00f1a: Entre divulgaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y desarrollo tur\u00edstico","volume":"60","author":"Girault","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cuad. Geogr\u00e1ficos"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00531-020-01925-6","article-title":"Timanfaya lava flows geosite: A historical and educational approach","volume":"109","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateo, E., Mart\u00ednez-Fr\u00edas, J., and Vegas, J. (2019). Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands Geopark: From Earth to Space, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-13130-2"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"343","article-title":"Los geoparques como \u00e1reas de investigaci\u00f3n, geoeducaci\u00f3n y geo\u00e9tica en geociencias planetarias: El geoparque de Lanzarote y Archipi\u00e9lago Chinijo","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geotemas"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12371-020-00440-z","article-title":"The Role of UNESCO Global Geoparks in Promoting Geosciences Education for Sustainability","volume":"12","author":"Catana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geoheritage"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Farsani, N.T., Coelho, C., Costa, C., and Neto de Carvalho, C. (2012). Geoparks and Geotourism\u2014New Approaches to Sustainability for the XXI Century, BrownWalker Press."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fassoulas, C., Nikolakakis, E., and Staridas, S. (2022). Digital Tools to Serve Geotourism and Sustainable Development at Psiloritis UNESCO Global Geopark in COVID Times and Beyond. Geosciences, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences12020078"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12371-014-0099-7","article-title":"Geo-knowledge Management and Geoconservation via Geoparks and Geotourism","volume":"6","author":"Farsani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoheritage"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520410531637","article-title":"Online branding","volume":"28","author":"Rowley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Online Inf. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"5347","article-title":"Improving webpage visibility in search engines by enhancing keyword density using improved on-page optimization technique","volume":"6","author":"Bansal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"167","article-title":"Comunicaci\u00f3n y branding en los sitios web nacionales de turismo","volume":"37","author":"Fabra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cuad. Info"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Berry, L.H. (2000). Instructional and Cognitive Impacts of Web-Based Education, IGI Global."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Ortega, A. (2008). Marca Personal: C\u00f3mo Convertirse en la Opci\u00f3n Preferente, ESIC."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Powell, T.A., Jones, D.L., and Cutts, D.C. (1998). Web Site Engineering: Beyond Web Page Design, Prentice-Hall, Inc."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Cantone, D. (2022, March 16). Como Elaborar tu Estrategia de Personal Branding Paso a Paso. Available online: Http:\/\/Davidcantone.Com\/About."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"66","article-title":"Branding y reputaci\u00f3n: Pilares b\u00e1sicos de la visibilidad online del profesor de educaci\u00f3n superior","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Educ. Super."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"177","article-title":"Accesibilidad en el dise\u00f1o de p\u00e1ginas web","volume":"9","author":"Vanegas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vinculos"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"112","article-title":"Videojuegos activos como recurso TIC en el aula de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica: Estudio a partir de par\u00e1metros de ocio digital-Active Videogames as ICT tool in Physical Education classroom: Research from digital leisure parameters","volume":"29","author":"Cuberos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digit. Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"205","article-title":"The Internet and the Geology teaching in Portugal","volume":"25","author":"Brilha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Pereira, D.I., Ramos, I., and Medina, W. (2011, January 9\u201313). Are Geoparks webpages attractive to potential tourists? Some results of an evaluation procedure. Proceedings of the International Congress Arouca 2011 Geotourism in Action, Arouca, Portugal. Available online: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1822\/15202."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Defining educational quality","volume":"1","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Improv. Educ. Qual. Proj. Publ."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Glumac, O., D\u2019Arcy, G., and de Sousa Morais, M.R.C. (2022). Perspectives on Design II, Springer."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J.-C., and Su, S.-J. (2019). Geoparks of Taiwan, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04895-2"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Del Mazo, I., Bonilla Leo, A., Carnicer Corchero, M.d.P., Caro L\u00f3pez, M.C., Garc\u00eda Iglesias, S., Gil Pacheco, M.I., Gordillo Valenzuela, J., Jara \u00c1lvarez, P., Mu\u00f1oz Calder\u00f3n, C., and Parejo S\u00e1nchez, A. (2022, March 16). Geopaca Folk: Rustic Performance on the Road. Available online: https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11162\/206523."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Velaz S\u00e1nchez, M., G\u00e1ndara Carretero, I., and Bonilla Leo, A. (2022, May 13). Geopaca: De Mascota a Influencer. Available online: https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11162\/201744."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgeop.2020.12.003","article-title":"Geoproducts\u2014Innovative development strategies in UNESCO Geoparks: Concept, implementation methodology, and case studies from Naturtejo Global Geopark, Portugal","volume":"9","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Geoheritage Parks"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/0022466921998067","article-title":"Increasing Access to Online Learning for Students with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sp\u00e9c. Educ."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"59","article-title":"Teachers and Youtube: The use of video as an educational resource","volume":"16","author":"Pattier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ric. Pedagog. Didatt. J. Theor. Res. Educ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12371-021-00570-y","article-title":"Educational Activities in Fangshan UNESCO Global Geopark and Lesvos Island UNESCO Global Geopark","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geoheritage"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.29394\/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2019.4.E.10.173-187","article-title":"Impacto de las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas en la masificaci\u00f3n de la educaci\u00f3n","volume":"4","author":"Pujadas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Correa, R.I. (2019). La Sociedad Mesmerizada, Universidad de Huelva."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uso de las tecnolog\u00edas de la informaci\u00f3n y la comunicaci\u00f3n como competencia transversal en la formaci\u00f3n inicial de docentes","volume":"24","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Electr\u00f3nica Educ."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Marte-Espinal, R. (2017). Revista: Atlante. Cuadernos de Educaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Universidad de M\u00e1laga."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s, F.P., Rebolledo, A.M., Zamorano, P.G., Ossand\u00f3n, J.M., Monta\u00f1a, A., Obreque, M.K., Castro, G.R., O\u00f1ate, J.J., Ulloa, M.E., and Kuschel, P.H. (2012). Nuevas Ideas en Inform\u00e1t\u00edca Educativa Memorias del XVII Congreso Internacional de Inform\u00e1tica Educativa, TISE."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Hincapi\u00e9 Montoya, M., Valencia-Arias, A., Fernandez, J., and Cu\u00e9llar Rojas, \u00d3. (2020). Un An\u00e1lisis de los Campos de la Ingenier\u00eda: Usos y Aplicaciones, Americana."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.29140\/jaltcall.v16n3.388","article-title":"Virtual reality in education: The promise, progress, and challenge","volume":"16","author":"Lege","year":"2020","journal-title":"JALT CALL J."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"29","article-title":"Las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas como estrategias innovadoras de ense\u00f1anza-aprendizaje en la era digital","volume":"24","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Electr\u00f3nica Interuniv. Profr"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v14i03.9289","article-title":"Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education. Myth or Reality?","volume":"14","author":"Elmqaddem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Creaci\u00f3n de un prototipo y test de una aplicaci\u00f3n para la gamificaci\u00f3n de la visita al geoparque de Araripe (Cear\u00e1-Brasil)","volume":"28","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Estud. Perspect. Tur."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"100","article-title":"Educaci\u00f3n mediada por las Tecnolog\u00edas: Un desaf\u00edo ante la coyuntura del COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Monasterio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obs. Conoc."}],"container-title":["Geosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3263\/13\/2\/22\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:10:22Z","timestamp":1760119822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3263\/13\/2\/22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["geosciences13020022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences13020022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]}}}