{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:52:53Z","timestamp":1760057573003,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2014Portugal","award":["2023.07410.CEECIND","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.07410.CEECIND","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["2023.07410.CEECIND","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.07410.CEECIND","UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A multidisciplinary analysis of the Pennsylvanian Castelo Branco pluton of Central Iberian Zone (Iberian Variscan belt) was made, focusing on its magnetic behavior and fabric, microstructures, microfractures, and radiometric and gravimetric anomalies. The findings reveal that the Castelo Branco pluton is an ilmenite-type granite, characterized by low magnetic susceptibility values. The petrographic observations and high-temperature solid-state deformation indicate that pluton was emplaced during the latest compression phase (D3) of the Variscan tectonic regime. Magnetic fabric and gravimetric data show that the Castelo Brano pluton has a flat-shaped geometry with a depth of approximately 2\u20133 km, a feeding zone corresponding to NE-SW-trending regional faults, and that its fabric is oriented parallel to the NW-SE-trending regional foliation of the host rocks. The concentric magnetic foliation in the Alcains granite suggests an earlier ascent and emplacement compared to the Rio de Moinhos and S. Miguel da Acha granites, with Alcains demonstrating a laccolithic shape indicative of significant upward force. The ascent pathways of the different granites seem to have occurred along pre-existing NE-SW faults. The Castelo Branco pluton displays zoned nesting, with fluid inclusion planes indicating NNE-SSW to NE-SW and ENE-WSW trends in biotite-rich granites, and NNE-SSW to NE-SW and ESE-WNW trends in two-mica granites. Structural alignments in the study area show both NE-SW and NW-SE trends. The NE-SW faults and thrust faults are supported by residual gravimetric anomaly data, and NW-SE alignments are evident in magnetic fabric and regional folded structures. These findings enhance our understanding of the geodynamic processes influencing the Variscan plutonism in the Central Iberian Zone, positioning the Castelo Branco pluton as a key component in this geological puzzle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences15020072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T08:36:46Z","timestamp":1739954206000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Variscan Plutonism in the Geodynamic Evolution of the Central Iberian Zone of Portugal: Castelo Branco Pluton as Another Piece of the Puzzle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Science, Pole of the University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Sant\u2019Ovaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Science, Pole of the University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5668-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena C. B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Science, Pole of the University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel M. H. R.","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole of University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eug\u00e9nio de Castro Group of Schools, Rua Almirante Gago Coutinho, 3030-326 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Science, Pole of the University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(92)90316-X","article-title":"Granitic magma transport by fracture propagation","volume":"204","author":"Clemens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Granite emplacement mechanisms and tectonic controls: Inferences from deformation studies","volume":"79","author":"Hutton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trans. 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