{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:51Z","timestamp":1760060151189,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The western Iberian marine Pliocene represents a key transitional zone between tropical and boreal molluscan faunas. Recent studies at the rediscovered fossil locality of Vale Farpado have yielded 34 bivalve species, distributed among 18 families. The most diverse families identified are Veneridae and Pectinidae. The assemblage is predominantly composed of suspension- and deposit-feeding taxa, with no evidence of carnivorous feeding strategies. Most taxa exhibit an infaunal life habitat. Initial colonising bivalve communities inhabited mobile, gravel-dominated substrates, where coarse clasts and disarticulated bioclasts provided stable microhabitats for epifaunal species. Over time, later assemblages became established, primarily on sandy substrates. Palaeoenvironmental indicators, including molluscs and foraminifera, suggest that these benthic communities occupied the infralittoral zone, at depths generally shallower than 30 metres, and the sea surface temperatures were broadly subtropical. However, periodic incursions of cooler, nutrient-rich waters driven by upwelling systems influenced local conditions, enhancing primary productivity and supporting a taxonomically rich and ecologically complex benthic ecosystem. The bivalve assemblages of Vale Farpado thus contribute valuable insights into the palaeoecology and biogeographical dynamics of the Pliocene North Atlantic, particularly in the context of sea surface temperature gradients and bivalve faunal interchange between temperate and tropical marine realms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences15080309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T15:30:52Z","timestamp":1754667052000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pliocene Marine Bivalvia from Vale Farpado (Pombal, Portugal): Palaeoenvironmental and Palaecological Significance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0719-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n PaleoIb\u00e9rica, Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Geograf\u00eda y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"CITEUC\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Terra e do Espa\u00e7o, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6493-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Callapez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n PaleoIb\u00e9rica, Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Geograf\u00eda y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"CITEUC\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Terra e do Espa\u00e7o, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2967-7205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahima","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Paleoceanography, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Legoinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOBIOTEC, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, NOVA FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7558-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"MARE\u2014Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar e do Ambiente, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Observations sur le Plioc\u00e9ne du Portugal","volume":"3","author":"Choffat","year":"1889","journal-title":"Bull. 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