{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T03:30:04Z","timestamp":1772940604012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/64973\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/64973\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work residents\u2019 social vulnerability and buildings\u2019 physical vulnerability of the Loures municipality (Portugal) were combined to locate the areas where the vulnerability is the highest, and to analyse the landslide risk. The social vulnerability of Loures was assessed using the Geographic Basis for Information Reference (BGRI) terrain units by combining sensitivity and lack of resilience based on the population and housing Census 2011 data. The physical vulnerability was assessed in a previous study based on an inquiry of a pool of European landslide experts and a sub-pool of landslide experts who know the study area. A matrix approach was used to cross the classes of the social and physical vulnerabilities. Finally, the landslide risk was analysed for each terrain unit considering the combined vulnerability, the buildings\u2019 economic value and the landslide susceptibility for a specific landslide magnitude (3-metre-deep rotational slide). Results show that 0.9% of the population reside in the area of the municipality where 75% of the future landslide should occur, and 0.8% of the buildings of the municipality\u2014which represent a value of EUR 146,170,000\u2014are also located in this dangerous area. This approach is reproducible: the risk analysis can be applied for another magnitude scenario in Loures, and the combined vulnerability can be assessed in any Portuguese municipality thanks to the availability of the data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences8080294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T11:20:23Z","timestamp":1533640823000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Combining Social Vulnerability and Physical Vulnerability to Analyse Landslide Risk at the Municipal Scale"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2538-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Guillard-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Geogr\u00e1ficos, IGOT-Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds","family":"Z\u00eazere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Geogr\u00e1ficos, IGOT-Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"L\u00e9one, F. 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