{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T16:43:36Z","timestamp":1773074616713,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission (FP7)","award":["HEALTH-F2-2010-259772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-F2-2010-259772"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005635","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P-139977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P-139977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Emergency care systems are at the core of modern healthcare and are the \u201cpoint-of-entry\/admission\u201d into the hospital for many older\/elderly patients. Among these, it is estimated that 15% to 30% will have delirium on admission and that over 50% will develop it during their stay. However, appropriate delirium diagnostic and screening still remains a critical area of need. The goal of this review is to update the field, exploring target areas in screening methods for delirium in the Emergency Department (ED), and\/or acute care units, in the older population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to search screening\/diagnostic methods for delirium in the ED and\/or acute care units within the ED. Results: Seven different scales were identified. Of the identified instruments, the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) for the Intense Care Unit (CAM-ICU) was the most widely used. Of note, a brief two-step approach for delirium surveillance was defined with the Delirium Triage Screen (DTS) and the Brief Confusion Assessment Method (bCAM), and the diagnostic accuracy of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) for delirium had a good sensitivity and specificity in older patients. Conclusion: The CAM-ICU appears as the potential reference standard for use in the ED, but research in a global approach of evaluation of actual and past cognitive changes is still warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics1030022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T10:04:28Z","timestamp":1472724268000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Delirium Diagnostic and Screening Instruments in the Emergency Department: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mariz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center\u2014Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Costa Castanho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center\u2014Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center\u2014Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8110-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Correia Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center\u2014Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000276","article-title":"The changing face of emergency medicine","volume":"22","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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