{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T22:58:28Z","timestamp":1774047508725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"]}]},{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program","award":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"]}]},{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program","award":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"]}]},{"name":"Contrata\u00e7\u00e3o de Recursos Humanos Altamente Qualificados","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"Contrata\u00e7\u00e3o de Recursos Humanos Altamente Qualificados","award":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000053"]}]},{"name":"Contrata\u00e7\u00e3o de Recursos Humanos Altamente Qualificados","award":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000095"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to evaluate whether a 14-day period of balneotherapy influences the inflammatory status, health-related quality of life (QoL) and quality of sleep, underlying overall health state, and clinically relevant benefits of patients with musculoskeletal diseases (MD). The health-related QoL was evaluated using the following instruments: 5Q-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, EUROHIS-QOL, B-IPQ, and HAQ-DI. The quality of sleep was evaluated by a BaSIQS instrument. Circulating levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, respectively. The smartband, Xiaomi MI Band 4, was used for real-time sensing of physical activity and sleep quality. MD patients improved the health-related QoL measured by 5Q-5D-5L (p &lt; 0.001), EQ-VAS (p &lt; 0.001), EUROHIS-QOL (p = 0.017), B-IPQ (p &lt; 0.001), and HAQ-DI (p = 0.019) after balneotherapy; the sleep quality was also improved (BaSIQS, p = 0.019). Serum concentrations of IL-6 were markedly decreased after the 14-day balneotherapy (p &lt; 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the physical activity and sleep quality data recorded by the smartband. Balneotherapy may be an effective alternative treatment in managing the health status of MD patients, with a decrease in inflammatory states, along with positive effects on pain reduction, patient\u2019s functionality, QoL, quality of sleep, and disability perception status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics8030055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:58:06Z","timestamp":1684288686000},"page":"55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Novel Approach to Assess Balneotherapy Effects on Musculoskeletal Diseases\u2014An Open Interventional Trial Combining Physiological Indicators, Biomarkers, and Patients\u2019 Health Perception"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5868-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jani","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins, n\u00ba1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins, n\u00ba1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Campus da Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Nicom\u00e9dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade do Nordeste EPE, Unidade Hospitalar de Mirandela, 5370-210 Mirandela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2951-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins, n\u00ba1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Palito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins, n\u00ba1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8698-866X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramiro","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins, n\u00ba1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Campus da Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Engineering, School of Sciences and Technologies, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Odete","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIAG, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-271 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4056-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alcina","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIAG, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-271 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaValor\u2014Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua, Rua Dr. J\u00falio Martins, n\u00ba1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-271 Bragan\u00e7a, 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