{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:57:13Z","timestamp":1760151433129,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NANDA-International, Inc.","award":["Foundation Grant Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Foundation Grant Award"]}]},{"name":"FCT \u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04279\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04279\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an urgent need to provide healthcare professionals and midwives with validated tools as to improve fertility adjustment and promote well-being of couples with infertility. The purpose of this study was to test validity of the Fertility Adjustment Scale among people undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. A cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted, and a total of 104 Portuguese adults undergoing fertility treatment were recruited through fertility-related websites. The Fertility Adjustment Scale was administered along with the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire and the Resilience Scale for adults as a measure of concurrent validity. Scores revealed the sample\u2019s lack of adjustment to fertility. A significant correlation with measures of resilience provided evidence of convergent validity. There was a significant association of fertility adjustment with time of consultation and the cause of infertility. A Fertility Adjustment Scale with six items is a reliable tool that offers early recognition of patients\u2019 difficulties in adaptation to fertility problems during assisted reproductive techniques, which could be beneficial in not only an early recognition of healthcare intervention but of a more individualized approach to such patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10030563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:26:22Z","timestamp":1647811582000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Fertility Adjustment Scale"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Romeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Palma de Cima, Catholic University of Portugal, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8316-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Palma de Cima, Catholic University of Portugal, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005","article-title":"The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017","volume":"108","author":"Adamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/2047-3095.12223","article-title":"The Human Responses and Nursing Diagnoses of Those Living With Infertility: A Qualitative Systematic Review","volume":"30","author":"Romeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2009.01213.x","article-title":"The Experience of Infertility: A Review of Recent Literature","volume":"32","author":"Greil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-1000-9","article-title":"Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatments and Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study among Subfertile Women and Men","volume":"34","author":"Agostini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.15309\/16psd170315","article-title":"Development of Resilience Contribution in the Infertility Context: Review","volume":"17","author":"Cabral","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psicol. Sa\u00fade E. Doen\u00e7as"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.2011.40.1.130","article-title":"Surviving the Adversity of Childlessness: Fostering Resilience in Couples","volume":"40","author":"Peters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contemp. Nurse"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00304-0","article-title":"Development of the Fertility Adjustment Scale","volume":"72","author":"Glover","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2013.829034","article-title":"Recovery after Unsuccessful in Vitro Fertilization: The Complex Role of Resilience and Marital Relationships","volume":"34","author":"Chochovski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychosom Obs. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew131","article-title":"Women\u2019s Adjustment Trajectories during IVF and Impact on Mental Health 11\u201317 Years Later","volume":"31","author":"Gameiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iord\u0103chescu, D.A., Paica, C.I., Boca, A.E., Gic\u0103, C., Panaitescu, A.M., Peltecu, G., Vedu\u021b\u0103, A., and Gic\u0103, N. (2021). Anxiety, Difficulties, and Coping of Infertile Women. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9040466"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms031","article-title":"Why Do Patients Discontinue Fertility Treatment? A Systematic Review of Reasons and Predictors of Discontinuation in Fertility Treatment","volume":"18","author":"Gameiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.035","article-title":"Evolution of Psychology and Counseling in Infertility","volume":"104","author":"Boivin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms045","article-title":"Why We Should Talk about Compliance with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of ART Compliance Rates","volume":"19","author":"Gameiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1781-4","article-title":"Predictors of Quality of Life and Psychological Health in Infertile Couples: The Moderating Role of Duration of Infertility","volume":"27","author":"Zurlo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"130","article-title":"The Persian Version of Fertility Adjustment Scale: Psychometric Properties","volume":"12","author":"Tiyuri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.10.006","article-title":"Psychometric Properties of Revised Version of the Fertility Adjustment Scale in Infertile Couples Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology","volume":"243","author":"Torabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Lopes, V., and Leal, I. (2010). Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o em Sexualidade e Parentalidade\u2014Escala de Ajustamento \u00e0 Fertilidade (EAF), LivPsic. Isabel Leal e Jo\u00e3o Maroco."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Lopes, V.M.S. (2008). Personalidade e Ajustamento Emocional na Infertilidade. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada]."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"IBM (2020, August 09). SPSS Version 26.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/us-en\/."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Pestana, M.H., and Gageiro, J.N. (2003). An\u00e1lise de Dados Para Ci\u00eancias Sociais: A Complementariedade do SPSS, S\u00edlabo."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"248","article-title":"The Assessment of Reliability","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychometric Theory"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., and Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Tabachnick, B.G., and Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics, Allyn & Bacon\/Pearson Education. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Awang, Z. (2012). The second order Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A Handbook on SEM, MPWS Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit","volume":"6","author":"Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electron. J. Bus. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424","article-title":"Fit Indices in Covariance Structure Modeling: Sensitivity to Underparameterized Model Misspecification","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428104263675","article-title":"Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Tutorial on Parallel Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hayton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-65642012005000008","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o Da \u201cThe Resilience Scale\u201d Para a Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Adulta Portuguesa","volume":"23","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psicol. USP"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(03)00045-X","article-title":"Domains of Spiritual Well-Being and Development and Validation of the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire","volume":"35","author":"Gomez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.09.2.p079","article-title":"A Beginners Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on Exploratory Factor Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tutor. Quant. Methods Psychol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nag\u00f3rska, M., Bartosiewicz, A., Obrzut, B., and Darmochwa\u0142-Kolarz, D. (2019). Gender Differences in the Experience of Infertility Concerning Polish Couples: Preliminary Research. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132337"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12169","article-title":"Does Infertility History Affect the Emotional Adjustment of Couples Undergoing Assisted Reproduction? The Mediating Role of the Importance of Parenthood","volume":"21","author":"Gameiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml040","article-title":"Women\u2019s Emotional Adjustment to IVF: A Systematic Review of 25 Years of Research","volume":"13","author":"Verhaak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3126\/nje.v10i3.31622","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Trials and Clinical Research: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Sathian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nepal. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00605-z","article-title":"COVID-19 and Assisted Reproductive Technology Services: Repercussions for Patients and Proposal for Individualized Clinical Management","volume":"18","author":"Alviggi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/10\/3\/563\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:38:15Z","timestamp":1760135895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/10\/3\/563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["healthcare10030563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10030563","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9032"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2227-9032"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]}}}