{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:39:07Z","timestamp":1773268747539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UID04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID04045\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Paralympic powerlifting (PP) training is typically intense and causes fatigue and alterations in the immune system. Objective: To analyze whether IBU would affect performance and the immune system after training in PP. Methodology: 10 athletes at the national level (NL) and 10 at the regional level (RL) participated in the study, where force and blood indicators were evaluated after training. The study took place over three weeks: (1) familiarization and (2 and 3) comparison between recovery methods, with ibuprofen or placebo (IBU vs. PLA), 800 mg. In the evaluation of the force, the peak torque (PT), fatigue index (FI), and blood immune system biomarkers were analyzed. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions with 80% of one maximum repetition (5 \u00d7 5, 80% 1RM) on the bench press. Results: The PT at the national level using IBU was higher than with PLA (p = 0.007, \u03b72p = 0.347), and the FI in the NL was lower with IBU than with PLA (p = 0.002, \u03b72p = 0.635), and when comparing the use of IBU, the NL showed less fatigue than the regional level (p = 0.004, \u03b72p = 0.414). Leukocytes, with the use of IBU in the NL group, were greater than in the RL (p = 0.001, \u03b72p = 0.329). Neutrophils, in the NL with IBU, were greater than in the RL with IBU and PLA (p = 0.025, \u03b72p = 0.444). Lymphocytes, in NL with IBU were lower than in RL with IBU and PLA (p = 0.001, \u03b72p = 0.491). Monocytes, in the NL with IBU and PLA, were lower than in the RL with IBU (p = 0.049, \u03b72p = 0.344). For hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte, the NL with IBU and PLA were higher than the RL with IBU and PLA (p &lt; 0.05). Ammonia, with the use of IBU in the NL, obtained values higher than in the RL (p = 0.007), and with the use of PLA, the NL was higher than the RL (p = 0.038, \u03b72p = 0.570). Conclusion: The training level tends to influence the immune system and, combined with the use of the IBU, it tends to improve recovery and the immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T11:32:23Z","timestamp":1658143943000},"page":"1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Ibuprofen Use on the Immune System Indicators and Force in Disabled Paralympic Powerlifters of Different Sport Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7378-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe J.","family":"Aidar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Guacira S.","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9022-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Getirana-Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7869-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Carlos","family":"Mar\u00e7al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jymmys L.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3899-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael Fabricio","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lucio Marques","family":"Vieira-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Cristov\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, State Univerity of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos 37900-106, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9389-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Reis Pires","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dihogo Gama","family":"de Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular & Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2860-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Francisco","family":"de Almeida-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno Domingos","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alfonso L\u00f3pez","family":"D\u00edaz-de-Durana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Department, Physical Activity and Sports Faculty-INEF, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9966-9956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Breno Guilherme","family":"de Ara\u00fajo Tinoco Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Murawska-Cia\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Biochemistry Department, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7951-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Nobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1772-1272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Polytechnic Institute of Maia, Maia, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgian","family":"Badicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraga, G.S., Aidar, F.J., Matos, D.G., Mar\u00e7al, A.C., Santos, J.L., Souza, R.F., Carneiro, A.L., Vasconcelos, A.B., Da Silva-Grigoletto, M.E., and Tillaar, R.V.D. 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