{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:34:06Z","timestamp":1773693246316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2020, around 60,000 people were diagnosed with cancer in Portugal, and many of them suffered some level of Fear of Progression (FoP) of the disease. Although this FoP is realistic, and is part of the normal and appropriate response to this type of disease, there is no instrument to assess and understand whether it is exaggerated in the face of the situation. The present study aimed to translate and validate the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) for the Portuguese population. The sample consisted of 220 volunteers, aged 18 years or over and diagnosed with cancer for at least six months. Participants completed the FoP-Q-SF, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). The FoP-Q-SF demonstrated high internal reliability (\u03b1 = 0.86) and the confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-dimensional structure of the FoP-Q-SF. Convergent validity was supported with significant positive correlations with psychological distress, especially anxiety (0.68). The FoP-Q-SF has been found to be a valid instrument to measure FoP in Portuguese cancer survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T04:38:54Z","timestamp":1670387934000},"page":"2466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) in Portuguese Cancer Survivors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5928-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0817-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"B\u00e1rtolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Piaget Institute\u2014ISEIT\/Viseu, 3515-776 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"William James Center for Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Management, University Aberta, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Miranda, N., Portugal, C., Nogueira, P.J., Farinha, C.S., Oliveira, A.L., Alves, M.I., and Martins, J. (2016). Portugal Doen\u00e7as Oncol\u00f3gicas Em N\u00fameros\u20132015, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2022, October 07). PORDATA \u00d3bitos de Residentes Em Portugal Por Algumas Causas de Morte. Available online: https:\/\/www.pordata.pt\/Portugal\/%C3%93bitos+de+residentes+em+Portugal+por+algumas+causas+de+morte-156."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20093","article-title":"Self-Management: Enabling and Empowering PatientsLiving With Cancer as a Chronic Illness","volume":"61","author":"McCorkle","year":"2011","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin.-Manag."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Miranda, N., and Gon\u00e7alves, M.B. (2017). Programa Nacional Para as Doen\u00e7as Oncol\u00f3gicos, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.03.025","article-title":"Anxiety and Depression after Cancer Diagnosis: Prevalence Rates by Cancer Type, Gender, and Age","volume":"141","author":"Linden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12901","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12901","article-title":"Fear of Cancer Progression in Patients with Stage IA Malignant Melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Wagner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.02.007","article-title":"Fear of Progression in Chronic Diseases","volume":"58","author":"Herschbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40187-9_2","article-title":"Fear of Progression","volume":"Volume 197","author":"Herschbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"274","article-title":"Progredienzangst bei Brustkrebspatientinnen-Validierung der Kurzform des Progredienzangstfragebogens PA-F-KF\/ Fear of progression in breast cancer patients\u2013validation of the short form of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FoP-Q-SF)","volume":"52","author":"Mehnert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr Psychosom. Med. Und Psychother."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2516-5","article-title":"Fear of Progression in Patients 6 Months after Cancer Rehabilitation\u2014A Validation Study of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire FoP-Q-12","volume":"23","author":"Hinz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahendran, R., Liu, J., Kuparasundram, S., and Griva, K. (2020). Validation of the English and Simplified Mandarin Versions of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire\u2013Short Form in Chinese Cancer Survivors. BMC Psychol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-0374-0"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"16","article-title":"Validation of the Malay Version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF-M) in Malaysian Cancer Patients","volume":"17","author":"Hamid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malays. J. Med. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500500524088","article-title":"Validation Study of a Portuguese Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"12","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"89","article-title":"Validation Study of the Portuguese Version of the QLC-C30-V.3","volume":"9","author":"Pinto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psicol. Sa\u00fade Doen\u00e7as"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpsp.2012.03.003","article-title":"Perturba\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00f3s-stress traum\u00e1tico: Caracter\u00edsticas psicom\u00e9tricas da vers\u00e3o portuguesa da Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist\u2013Civilian Version (PCL-C)","volume":"30","author":"Marcelino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Nunnaly, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000093","article-title":"The Performance of ML, DWLS, and ULS Estimation with Robust Corrections in Structural Equation Models with Ordinal Variables","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Kline, R. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, The Guilford Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.99.6.323-338","article-title":"Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review","volume":"99","author":"Schreiber","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, B.M. (2016). Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Routledge. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315757421"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181de3f8a","article-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis: An Introduction for Psychosomatic Medicine Researchers","volume":"72","author":"Babyak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2009.01088.x","article-title":"Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients Compared with the General Population: Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients","volume":"19","author":"Hinz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Care"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2013.765063","article-title":"Predictors of Fear of Recurrence in Patients One Year after Cancer Rehabilitation: A Prospective Study","volume":"52","author":"Mehnert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3272-5","article-title":"From Normal Response to Clinical Problem: Definition and Clinical Features of Fear of Cancer Recurrence","volume":"24","author":"Lebel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317727819","article-title":"Validation of the English and Mandarin Versions of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory in an Asian Population","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."}],"container-title":["Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/10\/12\/2466\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:35:34Z","timestamp":1760146534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/10\/12\/2466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["healthcare10122466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10122466","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9032"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9032","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]}}}