{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:54:13Z","timestamp":1773258853159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universities Ministry","award":["MS-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS-12"]}]},{"name":"European Union (NextGenerationUE)","award":["MS-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Purpose: The assessment of quality of life is essential to the human condition and can be measured through questionnaires. This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the 15D questionnaire to assess the population\u2019s quality of life, as well as explore its relative reliability and internal consistency; (2) Methods: The translation and cultural adaptation of the 15D questionnaire was carried out independently, considering two translations. The synthesis version was applied to eight subjects, distributed by gender. Cognitive interviews were conducted to observe clarity, acceptability, and familiarity with the version of the questionnaire. The final version of the questionnaire, in Portuguese, was again translated into the official language by two translators who had never had contact with the questionnaire. To assess the test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the 15D questionnaire, 43 participants were interviewed; (3) Results: Participants indicated that they had some doubts about dimensions, breathing, and discomfort and symptoms; however, as there were no suggestions for change, the questionnaire had no changes. Items were clear and understandable. Internal consistency was observed using Cronbach\u2019s alpha, with values between 0.76 and 0.98. The test-retest reliability values were between 0.77 and 0.97; and (4) Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the 15D questionnaire was proved to be equivalent to the English version and to be reliable for the Portuguese population. This instrument is easy to access and apply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11081099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T02:08:11Z","timestamp":1681265291000},"page":"1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Reliability of the 15D Portuguese Version: A Generic Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) Instrument"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3556-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Sintonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9753-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Raimundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8533-7144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Batalha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9502-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mendoza-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4054-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Perez-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Economy, Motricity, and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, The University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Parraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1998). WHOQOL Annotated Bibliography, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Estudos psicom\u00e9tricos do instrumento de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da qualidade de vida da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial de Sa\u00fade (WHOQOL-Bref) para Portugu\u00eas de Portugal","volume":"27","author":"Canavarro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psiquiatr. Cl\u00edn."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.1317","article-title":"Contribution for the validation of the Portuguese version of EQ-5D","volume":"26","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"55","article-title":"Development of the Portuguese version of MOS SF-36. Part I. Cultural and linguistic adaptation","volume":"13","author":"Ferreira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Andersen, R.M., Rice, T.H., and Kominski, G.F. (1996). Changing the U.S. Health Care System, Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Sintonen, H. (1995). The 15D-Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life. II. Feasibility, Reliability and Validity of Its Valuation System, National Centre for Health Program Evaluation. Working Paper 42."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002086","article-title":"The 15D instrument of health-related quality of life: Properties and applications","volume":"33","author":"Sintonen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2008.00462.x","article-title":"Valuation and preliminary validation of the Greek 15D in a sample of patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"12","author":"Aletras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.015693","article-title":"The generic 15D instrument is valid and feasible for measuring health related quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"75","author":"Haapaniemi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278704273078","article-title":"Translation, cultural adaptation, initial reliability, and validation of Turkish 15D\u2019s version: A generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument","volume":"28","author":"Akinci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eval. Health Prof."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"38","article-title":"Portuguese translation, cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of the questionnaire \u00abStart Back Screening Tool\u00bb (SBST)","volume":"42","author":"Raimundo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol. Port."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okamoto, N., Hisashige, A., Tanaka, Y., and Kurumatani, N. (2013). Development of the Japanese 15D instrument of health-related quality of life: Verification of reliability and validity among elderly people. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061721"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Almeida, S. (2007). Estad\u00edstica Aplicada \u00e0 Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade: Um Guia com o SPSS, Lusodidacta."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Portney, L.G., and Watkins, M.P. (2009). Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice, Pearson\/Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"37","article-title":"Establishing some measures of absolute and relative reliability of a motor test","volume":"17","year":"2015","journal-title":"Croat. J. Educ. Hrvat. \u010casopis Odgoj I Obraz."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"De Vet, H., Terwee, C.B., Mokkink, L.B., and Knol, D.L. (2008). Measurement in Medicine, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"31","article-title":"The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile","volume":"23","author":"McKenna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Rehabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Sintonen, H., and Richardson, J. (1994). The 15-d Measure of Health Related Quality of Life: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity of Its Health State Descriptive System, Citeseer."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"279","article-title":"Validation and measurement of quality of life in Greece using EQ-15D","volume":"18","author":"Yfantopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Hell Med."}],"container-title":["Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/11\/8\/1099\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:14:22Z","timestamp":1760123662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/11\/8\/1099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["healthcare11081099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11081099","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9032"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9032","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}}}