{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T02:38:23Z","timestamp":1773974303748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2021.04598.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.04598.BD"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04748\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia is a rheumatic disease characterised by chronic widespread muscular pain and its treatment is carried out by pharmacological interventions. Physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle act as an important mechanism in reducing the symptoms of the disease. The aims of this study were to analyse and systematise the characteristics of combined training programs (i.e., type and duration of interventions, weekly frequency, duration and structure of training sessions and prescribed intensities) and to analyse their effects on people diagnosed with fibromyalgia. A systematic literature search was performed using the PRISMA method and then randomised controlled trial articles that met the eligibility criteria were selected. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the quality and risk of the studies. A total of 230 articles were selected, and in the end, 13 articles met the defined criteria. The results showed different exercise interventions such as: combined training, high-intensity interval training, Tai Chi, aerobic exercise, body balance and strength training. In general, the different interventions were beneficial for decreasing physical symptoms and improving physical fitness and functional capacity. In conclusion, a minimum duration of 14 weeks is recommended for better benefits. Moreover, combined training programs were the most effective for this population, in order to reduce the symptoms of the disease with a duration between 60 and 90 min, three times a week with a light to moderate intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11121708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T01:28:21Z","timestamp":1686533301000},"page":"1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Combined Training Programs in Individuals with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9387-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1524-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Duarte","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000-727 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0457-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mout\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6514-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.05.022","article-title":"Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training vs Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"101","author":"Atan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. 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