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Women with an incident breast cancer (n = 462) and proposed for surgery were recruited at the Portuguese Institute of Oncology-Porto in 2012 and underwent systematic neurological examinations and evaluations with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) before treatment and after one, three, and five years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of CRNP and CIPN, and multivariate linear regression for the variation in MoCA scores. Prevalence of CRNP and CIPN decreased from the first to the fifth year after diagnosis (CRNP: from 21.1% to 16.2%, p = 0.018; CIPN: from 22.0% to 16.0% among those undergoing chemotherapy, p = 0.007). Cognitive impairment was observed in at least one assessment in 17.7% of the women. Statistically significant associations were observed between: cancer stage III and both CRNP and CIPN; triple negative breast cancer, chemotherapy, axillary node dissection, older age, higher education, and being single and CRNP; taxanes and fruit and vegetable consumption and CIPN. Anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality at baseline were associated with decreases in MoCA values from pre- to post-treatment and with CRNP. Follow-up protocols should consider the persistence of CRNP, CIPN, and cognitive impairment for several years following diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11243132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T11:24:43Z","timestamp":1702293883000},"page":"3132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain, Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Cognitive Decline in a 5-Year Prospective Study of Patients with Breast Cancer\u2014NEON-BC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Susana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1652-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9246-589X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Oncology Nursing Research Unit IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Lopes-Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5333-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor Tedim","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Lunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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